三星rv420笔记本怎么重装系统,买什么笔记本好?
看看吧 希望能帮助到你
现在社会,笔记本已经很正常了,配置也相对好起来了,14寸是80%的人都在用的。然后显卡是一定要独立的,内存最少2G以上,ThinkPad E40(0579-4GC)14英寸笔记本电脑(i3-380M 2G 500G 512M独显 蓝牙 摄像头 Win7 雅光黑 4000元宏碁(acer)AS4743G-482G32Mnkk 14英寸笔记本电脑(i5 480M 2G 320G D刻 GT520 1G独显 3700块宏碁(acer)AS5742G-482G50Mnkk 15.6英寸笔记本电脑(i5 480M 2G 500G D刻 GT540M 1G独显 4000块钱ThinkPad E40(0579-A12)14英寸笔记本电脑(i3-380M 2G 320G7200转 512M独显 4000元宏碁(acer)AS4750G-2412G32Mnkk 14英寸笔记本电脑 (i5 2410M 2G 320G D刻 GT520M 1G独显 3900元三星(SAMSUNG) NP-RV411-S0DCN 14.0英寸笔记本电脑(i5-480M 2G 320G 1G独显 W7 摄像头 HDMI)银色 3700元戴尔(DELL)Inspiron15R 15英寸笔记本电脑(i3-380M 2GDDR3 500G HD5650 1G独显 D刻 4000元惠普(hp)HP G4-1018TU (LQ367PA)14英寸笔记本电脑 (i5-2410 2G 640G D刻 无线3700元惠普(hp)4421S(LJ725PA)14英寸笔记本电脑 (i3-390 2G 500G 1G独显 D刻 无线 摄像头4000元联想(Lenovo) G470AH-ITH 14.0英寸笔记本电脑(i3-2310M 2G 500G 1G独显 摄像头 DVD刻录4000元华硕(ASUS)U31KI38JG 13.3英寸笔记本电脑(i3-380M 2G 500G GT415M 1G独显4000元华硕(ASUS)X43EI231SJ-SL 14.0 英寸笔记本电脑(i3-2310M 2G 320G GT520M 512M 3800元华硕(ASUS)N82EI38JV-SL 14.0英寸笔记本电脑(i3-380M 2G 320G GT335M 1G独显4000元神舟(HASEE)优雅A460P-i5D2 14.0英寸笔记本电脑(i5-2410M/2G/320G/1G独显GT540M/无线3600元ThinkPad E10(0328-A26)11.6英寸笔记本电脑(U5600 2G 320G 无线 六芯 摄像头 4000元东芝(TOSHIBA)L700-T16W 14英寸笔记本电脑(i3-2310M 2G 500G 集成高清显卡 HDMI D刻4000元ThinkPad E420(1141-8LC)14英寸笔记本电脑(B940 2G 320G HD6630 1G独显 720p摄像头,3900元。……我想总有一款你会喜欢的吧!看看吧!游戏都可以玩。
升级三星笔记本RV420有什么方案吗?
笔记本的话只能更换硬盘光驱和内存其他的硬件均是固化在主板上的无法升级
我是三星RV420的笔记本11年八月买的本?
1、拆了机械硬盘,ssd直接装硬盘原位2、拆了的机械硬盘加个移动硬盘的外壳,当移动硬盘使用3、三星830系列的128G不错,记得先分区、4K对齐再装系统~4、系统千万不要GHOST,用全新安装的5、原来的驱动在原机械硬盘的C:/windows/systerm32的文件夹里面!
如何学素描?
素描是一切绘画的基础,这是研究绘画艺术所必须经过的一个阶段。狭义上专指用于学习美术技巧、探索造型规律、培养专业习惯的绘画训练过程。
如何选择工具
素描是一种正式的艺术创作,以单色线条来表现直观世界中的事物,不同的笔触营造出不同的线条及横切关系和节奏、主动与被动的周围环境、平面、体积、色调、及质感。不同的作品则需要不同的工具语言来表述,才能更加体现画面的效果,作品才能成功。
干笔适宜作清晰的线条,水笔宜于表现平面;精美的笔触可用毛笔挥洒,而广阔的田野则可用铅笔或粉笔去勾勒。炭笔是两者都可兼用的。对工具的理解是完成好一幅作品的首要条件。
笔
铅笔
美术铅笔的铅芯有不同等级的软硬区别,硬的以"H"为代表,如:1H、2H、3H、4H等,前边数字越大,硬度越强,即色度越淡;软的以"B"为代表,如:1B、2B、3B、4B、5B、6B等,数字越大软度越强,色度越黑;学生用铅笔一般是HB形,软硬适中。对于初学绘画的可从HB到4B中选择三种类型就可以了。
推荐
辉柏嘉、施德楼、三菱、中华、马可、凯兰帝、老人头、得韵、马利、马培德
炭笔
炭笔的用法和铅笔相似,炭笔的色泽深黑,有较强的表现能力,是画素描的理想工具,用于画人物肖像尤佳,但画重了很难擦掉。
推荐
1、马利、MARCO/马可、库尔贝、高尔乐、中华、奥文、得韵Derwent、老人头、卢浮宫、德福龙
木炭条
木炭条是用树枝烧制而成,色泽较黑,质地松散,附着力较差,画完成后需喷固定液,否则极易掉色破坏效果。
推荐
米娅(MIYA)、马利(Marie's)、蒙玛特(Mont Marte)、青竹画材(CHINJOO)、尼奥尼(NYONI)、海特(Hite)、高尔乐(Kuelox)、卫庄、老人头(lotory)、睿识
炭精棒
炭精棒常见的有黑色和赭石色两种,质地较木炭条硬,附着力较强,可用可不用固定液。
推荐
海特索斯
纸
画素描通常在专用的素描纸上进行,选用素描纸时要注意纸质坚实、平整、耐磨、纹理细腻、不毛不皱、易于修改,如素描纸、铅画纸。太粗、太薄、太光滑的纸都不适合铅笔画素描。初学者使用的纸张大小以8开或4开为宜,16开大小的铜版纸和复印纸,则适合用钢笔、圆珠笔画素描。
素描纸的表面有明显的纹理,这样铅笔上色才会比较容易,另外,背面的纹理也不一样,背面的纹理要比正面纹理弱,所以应该在纸张的正面绘画。
辅助工具
画架
用来放置素描纸的架子。
画夹
宽边的大铁夹可用在画板上固定纸张。
胶带
胶带也是不错的固定纸张的工具,因为胶带宽度均匀,画完后将胶带去除会留下一条好看的白边
宽笔刷
用起来超级方便的清扫工具,画面上的橡皮屑较多的时候,用它清除就不会弄花画了。
铅笔延长器
铅笔用短了之后都会很苦恼,用的时候不方便,扔了又觉得可惜。将笔的一头放入延长器中,画笔瞬间就变长了。是非常不错的节省工具。
绘画常识
想要学素描,必须要了解一些知识,具体的如下几个方面:
一点透视
最常用到的就是一点透视,因为一点透视只有一个消失点(灭点)所以也叫:平行透视。
凡大小相等的物体愈远,其形愈小,以至于最后消失于一点,这点称为消失点。根据消失点的不同位置,能观察到的面也不同。当消失点在物体外侧时,可看到2个面,在物体上方时能看到3个面,在物体内侧时只能看到一个,如果物体正面是空的,则看到的是物体的内部结构。
不论画什么物体都可以归纳、概括在一个立方体或者多个立方体中,只要有一个面是与画面平行的,就可以利用一点透视(平行透视)来作画。一点透视合适画小的物体,透视变化不大,但是画的时候一定要体现出来。
站在宽广的平地上向前看,远方天地的交界线,称为地平线,地平线是处理透视图形的重要依据。平视时地平线和视平线重合,地平线就是视平线;俯视时,地平线在视平线的上方。
位置在画者右方的景物,看见它的左侧。位置在画者左方的景物,看见它的右侧。
凡在视平线以上的景物,愈远在画纸上的位置愈低。视平线以下的景物,愈远在画纸上的位置愈高。
有了以上这些绘画透视知识如果掌握并且运用到绘画中就不会在画中犯常识性的错误,而且构图会合理,符合视觉欣赏的美感。
两点透视
物体有一组垂直线与画面平行,其他两组线均与画面成一定角度,而每组有一个消失点,共有两个消失点,称为两点透视。
两点透视(成交透视)
两点透视图画面效果比较自由、活泼,能比较真实地反映空间,可以反映建筑物的正侧两面,容易表现出体积感。另外,两点透视加上较强的明暗对比,物体体感会更强。
认识明暗
明暗产生的原因:有光源(不论是自然光源、人工光源)照射,才会产生明暗;光源直射处(向光)是明亮部,照射不到之处(背光)是黑暗部,反射光所形成的是中间灰色部分。没有光,我们的眼睛将看不到任何东西。
利用铅笔表现明暗的方法:
铅笔直立地以尖端来画时,画出来的线较明了而坚实;铅笔斜侧起来以尖端的腹部来画时,笔触及线条都比较模糊而柔弱,笔触的方向要整理才不致混乱。
铅笔画使用橡皮擦注意事项:
初学画一笔不满意时,就马上用橡皮擦去了,第二次画得不对时又再擦去,这是最不好的习惯。一则容易伤害画纸使纸张留下疤痕,再则画时就越画越无把握了,所以应极力避免。
当第一笔画不对时,尽可再画上第二笔,如此画时就有一个标准,容易改正,等浓淡明暗一切都画好之后,再把不用之处的铅笔线,用橡皮轻轻擦去,这样整幅画面就清楚可爱多了。
画面上的线痕通常到最后都会被暗的部份遮没了,把露出的部份擦去较为省力。同时不用的线痕,往往无形中成为主体的衬托物,所以不擦去无害于画面,有时反而收到无形的效果,这是我们不可不注意的地方。
空间感
在绘画中依照几何透视和空间透视的原理,描绘出物体之间的远近、层次、穿插等关系,使之在平面的绘画上传达出有深度的立体的空间感觉。
前面的物体不要画到后面去了也不要把后面的物体画到前面了,合理的安排他们的位置。让整个画面有一个前大后小,前实后虚。上实下虛的空间效果。总之就是画面的层次感明确。
入门
画素描之前要充分做好各种线条的练习,还要做线条的由浅入深、由深到浅的成组练习。经过构图、轮廓、大形深入刻画到整体调整等不同的作画环节,这个作画的过程体现从整体到局部到整体的观察过程。如果没有这种正确的作画程序,就不能保证画面的准确、深入与完整。
素描步骤
画前要观察研究物体的基本形状,看它的受光方向,结构造型,形成的立体效果,然后用直线勾出它的大体轮廓,再依照光源,确定物体的受光(淡面)、侧光(灰面)、遮光(深面)三大部分。最后在这些面与面之间加上衔接的层次,使它自然、圆润起来,直到表现出质感为止。 素描画好后要对描绘的物体进行统筹和完善加工。
https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1mE41167Vm/?p=1&vd_source=6b26da26630111503906a454dabeb61d这个视频讲的是受光的技巧,比较浅显易懂,有助于进一步理解。
构图
构图是每一个学习绘画的人所必须要掌握的一项基本能力,从美得感受出发,让观赏者感受到美、舒服。各部份的一种配置法,依照经过设计的格式,一致的比例,或重复的体系去安排。一般情况下在绘画中构图讲究天小地大、左右均衡;各物体大小适中,整体完整,不可过小,亦不可过大。
五种方法
1、三角形构图,素描静物中最常用到的。
三角形构图是最常见的和最稳定的构图形式,静物分成三组放在三个顶点上。此类构图画面稳定、主体突出、层次明确、错落有致,适合静物数量较少的组合。
三角形的三条边是由不同方向的直线合拢而成,而不同的线条组成不同形式的三角形,产生不同的趋势和变化。如果你坐在静物正面中间位置,可能会更多采用三角形构图。
2、C形构图
“C”形构图,画面动感程度优于其他形式的构图。
这种构图方式使画面具有流动性,更容易表现较大空问的静物组合。“C”形有三个点,主体物往往在中间点的位置.前面的点往往是第一次要物体的摆放位置,最后面的点帮助你加强画而空间层次的推移。
3、S形构图
"S”具有曲线的优点,优美而富有活力和韵味,所以“S“形构图给人一种美的享受,而且画面显得生动、活泼。读者的视线随着"S”形向纵深移动,可有力地表现其场景的空间感和深度感。在 "S”形构图中,通常会缩短 "S”的上部,拉长 "S”的下部,以形成“上紧下松”的构图关系。
4、圆形构图
圆形构图就是让静物在画面中围成一个圆圈。圆形构图在视觉上给人以旋转、运动和收缩的审美效果。
当圆形被拉长时,就会变成椭圆形。椭圆形构图大都采用宽大于高的横幅形式,它不仅有静态效果,也会产生动态效果,同时还具有较为明显的整体感。
5、水平式构图
水平式构图的物体不能放在画面正中,应当处于一个偏上或者偏下的位置。水平式构图纵向上的空间层次较少,为了让画面丰富,各个物体要在形状、大小、高矮颜色等因素上形成对比,使画面安定、平和,可以增强画面的稳定感。同时还要安排好位置,形成前后的空间层次。
文字讲解不能很直观地展现,可配合视频讲解,进一步理解怎么构图https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV14x411R75w/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click&vd_source=6b26da26630111503906a454dabeb61d
轮廓
素描轮廓线是指物体外部和内部形状对线条,描述前进或后退的形状之变化方面的一条断续线或连续线。也指物体对形,没有轮廓线就没有"形” 。
一般来说轮廓包括外轮廓和内轮廓,两者相互依存,就是说外轮廓画错了,内轮廓也必然跟着错,内轮廓错了也会影响外轮廓的准确。在实践中存在的问题是容易把二者分开来观察,分开来画,分开来检查,必须两者结合起来观察并结合起来画才对。要知道轮廓绝非指简单的物体的外框,要内外兼顾方可画准。
轮廓就是形状,画画的第一步是画形状。形状图对了,就顺利了。越画越难受。勾勒轮廓的暗部可以简单处理,勾勒轮廓的同时可以详细画明面。由于形状的透视变化,尤其是轮廓,一分钟宽度等于几英寸宽度,因为边缘是立体形状。当一个同样宽度的面转向后方时,面的长度会越来越窄,直至消失。
如果外轮廓和内轮廓的基本比例和位置不正确,包含所有细节的形状也会是错误的。所以大纲的确定要严格、严格、细致。 严谨谨慎不是要求你谨小慎微,而是要求你胆大心细。只有大胆细致的书写,勾勒出轮廓,才能知道这幅画的对错。我们要敢于肯定,也要敢于否定和纠正错误。
要想画出正确的轮廓,必须对物体的形象有正确的认识和观察。观察轮廓也是专业训练不可缺少的阶段。一种不仔细观察研究对象,就无法在反复修正的过程中提高识别能力,也无法培养敏锐的视力,理解简单形式的复杂性。
进一步学习可以观看视频讲解,可巩固一些知识点https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1MT4y1R7ZT/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click&vd_source=6b26da26630111503906a454dabeb61d
排线
排线是素描最基本的语言元素,在素描中丰富的色调变化是经过许多次的线条叠加而形成的,这其中线条的走向与角度尤其需要注意。画好素描排线就要有一个正确的握笔姿势。
正确的握笔姿势,可以分为两种:持棒式和握笔式
持棒式:
用拇指、食指和中指,三指拿笔与手掌下,如上图,中指起到辅助作用。用拇指左右摆动,在画面形成规则的接近平行的一排线。在用持棒式方法的时候,笔和画面大约在35度角左右就差不多,手和手腕不要接触画面,如果难掌握,可以用小指做支撑点,也可以用手腕自然的上下画出线条。
握笔式:
这种方法就是平时的写字姿势,如上图,这种的握笔方法可以用在面积小的暗面,或者在单体塑造的时候,这种方法用的很多,不像持棒式是在面积大,握笔式很容易掌握,就像写字一样画线条。
若干组排线最好不要沿同一方向展开,因为沿同一方向或缺乏方向变化的十字形(夹直角)都将导致画面出现板滞和类似平涂的光赋效果。
用一组组的线排开,颜色深浅不同,表现出明暗关系。当我们画苹果时,在背光处铺出一组调子,就是画的暗面。
线只是用来表现明暗变化,以此来塑造物体体积,表现空间的一种手段。无论怎么排线,只要画出效果就可以,不拘泥于各种形式。各种线的画法会产生不同的效果,所以在画不同的画时我们可以用不同的排线方法。
苹果的画法视频已经讲了很多,感兴趣可以看看https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1ct411Q7RE/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click&vd_source=6b26da26630111503906a454dabeb61d
控制明暗的逐渐变化以创造实体形式的错觉效果,使物体有三度空间的特质。在深面与灰面上先铺上一片均匀的线条,使受光面暂时空出,这样就是用大块大面来表现物体,然后将各个块面中细部,也同样依照受光、侧光、遮光分成小块、小面来处理。还要注意小块、小面的明暗,使它们服从大面的统一调子,而大面又必须服从于整体。https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Zh41147Dk/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click&vd_source=6b26da26630111503906a454dabeb61d这个视频讲的是五种线条的画法,实践与理论相结合。
深度学习
速写
速写一般不拘泥于局部的形似,而常以形写神,表达方式简练,对专业创作、设计草图和快速表现都有积极的意义。速写的高度提炼与时间较长、较深入地练习是相辅相成互相促进的,速写画得多,在复杂的素描写生开始阶段也会更快地把握构图和造型。
以素描作画相对的时间为依据,短至数分钟长则半小时左右都可算是速写,因速写的基本特征是简练而快速地写生,因此是画者的第一印象。
对结构理解的深入扎实的素描基本功,在速写中也会体现出来。经常大量的速写训练,可以最有效地培养敏锐的观察力和艺术的概括能力,以及提高快速高效的表现技能。
速写是一种非常便捷的素描方式,其常见题材有风景速写、人物速写、动物速写等。
构图
构图的重要性,大家都知道,单个动作的构图比较简单,原则上宁上勿下。动作朝左,构图偏右即可。双人组合要注意两个动作的主次对比和相互谐调,首先比例要一致,站立的动作和坐着的动作一样高是不行的。场景组合难度较大,透视是最需要注意的,前大后小的原理一定牢记。
人物
人体躯干在衣服的包裹下,无论是厚衣服还是薄衣服,都是紧贴人体的躯干形体。
从衣领开始描绘,形体外轮廓与运动所产生的褶皱相结合刻画。注意海条线条的粗细、深浅、长短变化。
紧接上一步,调整画面的素描关系,可以上一些调子来拉开画面的关系,注意调子的轻重。
注意构图,比例,动态块的侧锋勾画出对象的大体形块。起形要概括,快速,不要在意那么多细节。
可以先把头部深入出来,然后再推出全身。但是要注意五官要画得精致准确,做到一气呵成,不然容易影响后面。
较常用的步骤:五官虚带,定出位置和大小,快速把整个人物画出,抓住大的框架形状和此较明显的穿插关系。先深入五官,手脚与其他最后深入。优点:即使画面随时停下也可以保持画面完整。不会有没有画完的感觉。难点:要整体观察把握,对于穿插比较理解。
坐姿一般选在正侧和四分之三角度比较容易表现,要注意人物的整体动态走势与整个人的比例关系,不要把上短和把腿画的过长。
快速勾出整个人的框架形(如头、胸腔、胯部、四肢,手脚)要肯定整体,可以略带穿插关系,不需要画多。时刻整体地去观察,不能陷入局部。
完善细节:画出头手脚具体形象,并增加灰层次,同时调整衣纹关系,加入裁剪线等装饰。
深入画面:用侧锋带出灰面,增加胸腔,盆腔,四肢的体积感。调整画面主次关系,注意前后胳膊,腿的强弱关系。
默写
默写是脱离了写生对象,完全凭着自己的记忆和理解来把握画面的,在素描的学习中适当地配合默写训练,有助于增强视觉形象的记忆能力,同时又可以训练对画面图形的创造性思维和表现能力,有利于加深写生中对素描知识的理解。其实默写和速写也有着密切的关系,在速写中不可能看一眼画一笔,很多是靠对写生对象的理解和记忆来完成的。
掌握头部解剖
在没有模特或具体的作画对象时,画者只能通过记忆或平时头像写生的经验来完成对头像的默写。内外部形体结构的把握能力,以及对素描技法的合理运用和表现能力。在平时的训练中要着重理解头部骨骼的构造、熟悉头骨各部位的名称及正确位置,做到没有参照对象也熊熟练正确地画出头部各部位的位實及解剖关系。
头像写生训练
平时要积累大量的人物头像写生的作画经验,在人物头像写生训练中,要有针对性地选择写生对象。如选择考试中经常出现的男青年或女青年模特进行写生训练,也适当选择一些老年模特写生,有备无患。
临摹加强记忆
临摹是学习头像写生的最好办法,也是提高素描头像造型能力的有效途径之一。通过临摹,学习他人的经验和技法,真切地体会画者的感受和意图,领会作品的精神所在。这样既节省时间又事半功倍。临摹还能提高眼睛的准确观察力及眼与手的配合能力。
静物作画技巧
素描所表达的是形体与空间不外乎黑、白、灰三字,一幅素描起码应该具备三个方面的成功:一是形体结构准确,二是黑、白、灰大层次分明,三是中心焦点突出。
中心焦点是有视觉习惯形成的,所谓焦点,在客观上应该是在结构中最有特征、又最能展示形体与空间部位的。常位于画幅前景接近中心的部位,是中心也是重心。画素描就应有点偏心,如果平均用力不仅破坏了整体感,也违背了视觉的真实。
轮廓线(包括一些局部轮廓线)只是物体的某些面在转移时被缩小了形象,用轮廓线来认识世界不应是初习素描者的课题,而先要学习用立体的观念来研究世界。
这条线的表现力是不容忽视的,因为物体表面有丰富的起伏向纵深转折时又与空间组成各种关系,它时浓时淡,宽窄虚实,变化无穷,不单单只是一条“线”。
第一是结构,第二才是光,黑白则是它的附属物。大家要学会借助黑白来认识形体结构,但有时黑白也会歪曲形体结构的原来面貌。
画素描就是找区别,大区别就是“大关系”,凡是大关系都具有整体性的分量,它容纳并制约着所有局部,因而它是最重要的。小区别就是“小关系”,就是指处于同一色调中的轻微差异。相对于整体来说,它们只能被称之为“局部”。它们以一定的比例或层次关系组织起来并充实着整体。
没有局部,“整体”便是空的,而如果没有整体的制约,“局部”就成为散乱无序,所以它们是相辅相成辨证统一的。
结构的透视变形色调的黑白相称,对边线的虚实处理,三者共同担负着表现空间与体积的任务。
线和线条技法
素描的要素是线,但是线在实质上却是不存在的,它只代表物体、颜色和平面的边界,用来作为物体的幻觉表现。直到近代,线才被人们认为是形式的自发要素,并且独立于被描绘的物体之外。用线条来组成物体的形象,并且描绘于平面之上,藉由线条形式引起观者的联想。
例如两条线相交所构成的角形,可以被认为是某平面的边界;另外加上第三条线可以在画面上造成立体感。弧形的线条可以象征拱顶,交会聚集的线条可表现深度。人们可以从线条的变化当中,得到可以领会的形象。
用线条区分立体与平面,至于色彩明暗是为了加强和厘清整体与部分的关系。运用线条的开始,消失和中断来画出边界,并且形成平面,也可使色彩至边界而上。
线条的粗细能表现物体的变化,甚至光和影也可用线条的笔触变化表现出来,还需要平面技法的辅助。平面技法在使用炭粉笔时,在明暗对照上可用擦笔法。素描也可用多色画笔作为基本材料,用来加强素描效果以及素描的艺术性。
素描的要素是线,但是线在实质上却是不存在的,它只代表物体、颜色和平面的边界,用来作为物体的幻觉表现。直到近代,线才被人们认为是形式的自发要素,并且独立于被描绘的物体之外。
透过线条手段,单纯的轮廓勾勒可以发展成精致的素描,这个视频讲的比较清楚https://haokan.baidu.com/v?pd=wisenatural&vid=2187580955371434233
用线条来组成物体的形象
两条线相交所构成的角形,可以被认为是某平面的边界;另外加上第三条线可以在画面上造成立体感。弧形的线条可以象征拱顶,交会聚集的线条可表现深度。透过线条的手段,单纯的轮廓勾勒可以发展成精致的素描。
用线条区分立体与平面
在素描中可以用线条区分立体与平面,至于色彩明暗是为了加强和分清整体与部分的关系。运用线条的开始,消失和中断来画出边界,并且形成平面,也可使色彩至边界而上。线条的粗细能表现物体的变化,甚至光和影也可用线条的笔触变化表现出来。
平面技法的辅助
素描的线条技法还需要平面技法的辅助。平面技法在使用炭粉笔时,在明暗对照上可用擦笔法。
毛笔画法的使用
更重要的是使用毛笔画法,因为毛笔能发挥笔触的宽度和笔调的强度并且能增加空间感和立体感。
艺术性的加强
素描也可用多色画笔作为基本材料,用来加强素描效果以及素描的艺术性。
明暗
明暗交界线是素描中灰面与暗面的交界,虽然名字是明暗交界“线”,但是它是由“面”组成的,由于光线以及静物本身形体的变化,明暗交界线也会有非常丰富的变化。
有一些静物因为形体会有很多明暗交界线,所以我们找到这些明暗交界线之后统一暗部,然后这些明暗交界线的色调也要做一个区分,靠近光源的颜色稍微要亮一些。
结合视频讲解可以明白明暗的运用手法https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV14m4y1978u/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click&vd_source=6b26da26630111503906a454dabeb61d
推荐书籍
《素描风暴》
《素描的诀窍》
《像艺术家一样思考》
《伯里曼人体结构绘画教学》
%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DO64dqUqQoWAYExw5DHcyJSwnWb"},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"素描是一切绘画的基础,这是研究绘画艺术所必须经过的一个阶段。狭义上专指用于学习美术技巧、探索造型规律、培养专业习惯的绘画训练过程。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"P2ukdY0mYocEigxuUmtcRzk0nSc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"如何选择工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VSM4dS0OUoGqemxqtdccKUWTnhK"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"素描是一种正式的艺术创作,以单色线条来表现直观世界中的事物,不同的笔触营造出不同的线条及横切关系和节奏、主动与被动的周围环境、平面、体积、色调、及质感。不同的作品则需要不同的工具语言来表述,才能更加体现画面的效果,作品才能成功。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PUWkd2uSSoQAqgxkraRc3HVFnph"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"干笔适宜作清晰的线条,水笔宜于表现平面;精美的笔触可用毛笔挥洒,而广阔的田野则可用铅笔或粉笔去勾勒。炭笔是两者都可兼用的。对工具的理解是完成好一幅作品的首要条件。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JcQUdyUqgoE4SqxGSgrc1VxknEc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FWQUdMQmcoOwkKxS24acblIknGg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"铅笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"R4A4dI4o2oUMAMxg5SIc6bGrnjc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"美术铅笔的铅芯有不同等级的软硬区别,硬的以\"H\"为代表,如:1H、2H、3H、4H等,前边数字越大,硬度越强,即色度越淡;软的以\"B\"为代表,如:1B、2B、3B、4B、5B、6B等,数字越大软度越强,色度越黑;学生用铅笔一般是HB形,软硬适中。对于初学绘画的可从HB到4B中选择三种类型就可以了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SyMCdysCuoyqAmx8NuQcNvC1nsh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":571,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"铅笔","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/dea034941d684e0aadf4466a620781fd","width":508},"text":"","id":"F2UCds0yGoWiAYxqYjKc5my4njh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"推荐","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GcIIdUseGo64iIxWUBQcAjB3n5e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"辉柏嘉、施德楼、三菱、中华、马可、凯兰帝、老人头、得韵、马利、马培德 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"R4QSdICi8oW0qyxakA3c9bP0nTz"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"炭笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VOmAdMeyqoSaUOxCiDPcmvhnnFe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"炭笔的用法和铅笔相似,炭笔的色泽深黑,有较强的表现能力,是画素描的理想工具,用于画人物肖像尤佳,但画重了很难擦掉。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"K8ASdGOKCogUCCxmuNkcw2awndf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":503,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"炭笔","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/641a107db1b7493f8a8ea6411599d6f0","width":727},"text":"","id":"IsU2do068oMwysxSG7ecTnVxn3b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"推荐","id":""}],"text":"","id":"J8yGdOMMQouWEaxWycFc3URVn9g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、马利、MARCO/马可、库尔贝、高尔乐、中华、奥文、得韵Derwent、老人头、卢浮宫、德福龙","id":""}],"text":"","id":"G88SdCG82oYqIIxgrdMcFUmsnXd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"木炭条","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Tm8QdGwQCoqIMsxgFORc8hounbg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"木炭条是用树枝烧制而成,色泽较黑,质地松散,附着力较差,画完成后需喷固定液,否则极易掉色破坏效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VKIIdY08coG6MgxWemVcQFzlnTc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":300,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"木炭条","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0d7fdf32c58c46ecb37b6e3c20f88f4d","width":456},"text":"","id":"R0kGdEg8SoGsYUx6j44cXVVJnge"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"推荐","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DweEdcCCao82cQxeA8ycDrcunoh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"米娅(MIYA)、马利(Marie's)、蒙玛特(Mont Marte)、青竹画材(CHINJOO)、尼奥尼(NYONI)、海特(Hite)、高尔乐(Kuelox)、卫庄、老人头(lotory)、睿识","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BeYsd44eYoqm2ixCWLkckt7Hnjh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"炭精棒","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FsCWdWWE8oceKCxa2VWc8GFCnud"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"炭精棒常见的有黑色和赭石色两种,质地较木炭条硬,附着力较强,可用可不用固定液。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VScSd4CCuoQaIkxPWdpcnF3xngv"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":519,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"炭精棒","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/81e4dee2b832418a99181eb371627150","width":493},"text":"","id":"S864dSwMWoWiiwxGULncMzBEnRh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"推荐","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RIa6dU0o2o0W2AxEnhscQYSbn1e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"海特索斯","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Pcq2dC0C2o4Y8IxqKoacHPHAnNh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"纸","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KOIudGsuqoUMmSxMlYqcQJg2nJd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"画素描通常在专用的素描纸上进行,选用素描纸时要注意纸质坚实、平整、耐磨、纹理细腻、不毛不皱、易于修改,如素描纸、铅画纸。太粗、太薄、太光滑的纸都不适合铅笔画素描。初学者使用的纸张大小以8开或4开为宜,16开大小的铜版纸和复印纸,则适合用钢笔、圆珠笔画素描。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AaIedcMCEoyGcexYdKPcBjkinMb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":618,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"纸","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ccf7d528d4bd42beb84a5965c5feb010","width":756},"text":"","id":"HigAdcwK2oSKkix6OhVcFAsMn0g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"素描纸的表面有明显的纹理,这样铅笔上色才会比较容易,另外,背面的纹理也不一样,背面的纹理要比正面纹理弱,所以应该在纸张的正面绘画。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"R6eKdI80GoymiyxmwuEcXO5BnYf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"辅助工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BEGqd4megoGeiox6Z9Kci82UnWd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"画架","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XKoKdQgokoI8muxu4tGcezJZnHh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"用来放置素描纸的架子。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZwkSdySC0oQm6CxWC6Ccf2BnnFg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":494,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"画架","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6d85b5dbb4254ef8af76dede4231f9fc","width":527},"text":"","id":"NO8idemqWoAYqUxfZnWcSPHMnd2"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"画夹","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BKwCduUqioMGuAxq86gc2sZTnxg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"宽边的大铁夹可用在画板上固定纸张。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XIw8dUgUiogKeQxwl0tcsb5tnNd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":306,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"画夹","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0bb0f0ddfbb344278ed65163df9dd01a","width":431},"text":"","id":"Jmq4dWsYeoEWEcxKm1ac48fAn4b"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"胶带","id":""}],"text":"","id":"K0qsdUUa0ogwsIx4N5gclbMgnmh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"胶带也是不错的固定纸张的工具,因为胶带宽度均匀,画完后将胶带去除会留下一条好看的白边","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RYOYdy2aGoysC2xGSj0cL3TDnub"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":502,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"胶带","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/bb357025113a4375924bb9e6979e4c18","width":640},"text":"","id":"RogqdQuaOo8CeCxoTzxc32W3nyd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"宽笔刷","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Pi8SdKOSYomEEyxi8wZcY5dznyf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"用起来超级方便的清扫工具,画面上的橡皮屑较多的时候,用它清除就不会弄花画了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YYe2deOe4oW2ICxk5KPcDzaEnFe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":177,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"宽笔刷","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7a343ba1aab742878eb9684316df400b","width":422},"text":"","id":"CaY2dSW4ioO44ixOuo3cS4j6n3g"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"铅笔延长器","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NmcMdYU4eo4QaMxKgkCc9uJrnIe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"铅笔用短了之后都会很苦恼,用的时候不方便,扔了又觉得可惜。将笔的一头放入延长器中,画笔瞬间就变长了。是非常不错的节省工具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IsuAdkySEoU4kWx4ALQcdzTgnbe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":558,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"铅笔延长器","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e668854a356145fcb36d982e0b1c64f0","width":580},"text":"","id":"VooUd0oiMo88Yux2frpcLqPbnUe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"绘画常识","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TY26dSsayoC8O4x4LmWcOcJAnwh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"想要学素描,必须要了解一些知识,具体的如下","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"几个方面","id":""},{"type":"text","text":":","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RyYmdaSGIogUAIx0KdLcW3ljnvc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"一点透视","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GyCmdomq6oo4iYxiMrkcZrAznah"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"最常用到的就是一点透视,因为一点透视只有一个消失点(灭点)所以也叫:平行透视。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ig8Cdu88KoYImexyYAJc4ASYnPb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"凡大小相等的物体愈远,其形愈小,以至于最后消失于一点,这点称为消失点。根据消失点的不同位置,能观察到的面也不同。当消失点在物体外侧时,可看到2个面,在物体上方时能看到3个面,在物体内侧时只能看到一个,如果物体正面是空的,则看到的是物体的内部结构。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Z8OOd68CKo4S8Kxes2dcjLtXn0c"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":243,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"一点透视","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/534d60fa2622446f9aeff055be782965","width":640},"text":"","id":"JgwAdMcEQosG8axMNEGcXvSpn5b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"不论画什么物体都可以归纳、概括在一个立方体或者多个立方体中,只要有一个面是与画面平行的,就可以利用一点透视(平行透视)来作画。一点透视合适画小的物体,透视变化不大,但是画的时候一定要体现出来。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UiUgdy0W0o08g8xUDnVc3uAxnGc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":322,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"一点透视","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/947f3cd90db748d5a5c1dad2e01b0695","width":550},"text":"","id":"EoOqdWCOcoMoYKxg2ductG8fndR"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"站在宽广的平地上向前看,远方天地的交界线,称为地平线,地平线是处理透视图形的重要依据。平视时地平线和视平线重合,地平线就是视平线;俯视时,地平线在视平线的上方。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZassdUYqaoyWkQxYfmQc3CsSn8e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"位置在画者右方的景物,看见它的左侧。位置在画者左方的景物,看见它的右侧。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DOkSdGs6go0qY6xodNRcbXPynOb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"凡在视平线以上的景物,愈远在画纸上的位置愈低。视平线以下的景物,愈远在画纸上的位置愈高。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TaqedeiMKoC6Caxo15Dc2D2onqd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"有了以上这些绘画透视知识如果掌握并且运用到绘画中就不会在画中犯常识性的错误,而且构图会合理,符合视觉欣赏的美感。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EeI2dWwW0o064oxkLWfcN5Gkngd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":676,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"一点透视","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/dc1ef1f6e94145bb8982a0bd1da8cdcb","width":726},"text":"","id":"UAGSdOgoqoCKgCx2fhFcYVeenBd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"两点透视","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LAuSdEIseoOK6Ixg3Agcedpwnoh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"物体有一组垂直线与画面平行,其他两组线均与画面成一定角度,而每组有一个消失点,共有两个消失点,称为两点透视。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CSyud0gIyoUuO2xeYORcnWdznde"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"两点透视(成交透视)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IWyAdyIoKocAyExQV7XcmMIxn8f"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":250,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"两点透视","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0b4a231e33bc403b91a7858473f7a665","width":690},"text":"","id":"NkcCdyCGgoOwY8x0GH3cowiknqd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZQCOdUo22oIA0Sx4ee3c5Q2UnYb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"两点透视图画面效果比较自由、活泼,能比较真实地反映空间,可以反映建筑物的正侧两面,容易表现出体积感。另外,两点透视加上较强的明暗对比,物体体感会更强。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KmQcdKmOyogEwexecwzcVw86n1f"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":358,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"两点透视","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7565a0bd7cb844baacdceb8e21821ed4","width":500},"text":"","id":"M4Mkd48cQo6acoxWS0NcV29GnUf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"认识明暗","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NQWcdgoaCouy68xW6pPcXPhmnVh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"明暗产生的原因:有光源(不论是自然光源、人工光源)照射,才会产生明暗;光源直射处(向光)是明亮部,照射不到之处(背光)是黑暗部,反射光所形成的是中间灰色部分。没有光,我们的眼睛将看不到任何东西。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"B8W0dUosOo0Iq2x0SCOcf1Xqntc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":542,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"认识明暗","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/25863dba5bd6446bb3fc3088bb36b306","width":418},"text":"","id":"DS0OdKwi4oug0CxWGugcKAlCnAe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"利用铅笔表现明暗的方法:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Gse6dOiYuoEka6x2V6OcIhfynWc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"铅笔直立地以尖端来画时,画出来的线较明了而坚实;铅笔斜侧起来以尖端的腹部来画时,笔触及线条都比较模糊而柔弱,笔触的方向要整理才不致混乱。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RQMuduWGAoA26qxWaSMcSblKnug"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"铅笔画使用橡皮擦注意事项:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NeY0d2OwMoCK2Gx0CxVcluOonne"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"初学画一笔不满意时,就马上用橡皮擦去了,第二次画得不对时又再擦去,这是最不好的习惯。一则容易伤害画纸使纸张留下疤痕,再则画时就越画越无把握了,所以应极力避免。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IW6ydaWeGomsoyx2VfccPFZKnBb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"当第一笔画不对时,尽可再画上第二笔,如此画时就有一个标准,容易改正,等浓淡明暗一切都画好之后,再把不用之处的铅笔线,用橡皮轻轻擦去,这样整幅画面就清楚可爱多了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AqUKd4usAouMuqx6joBcmQB1n6b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"画面上的线痕通常到最后都会被暗的部份遮没了,把露出的部份擦去较为省力。同时不用的线痕,往往无形中成为主体的衬托物,所以不擦去无害于画面,有时反而收到无形的效果,这是我们不可不注意的地方。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NcYOdM8aYo6CIixmYIZcnfXUnYe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"空间感","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NKmudsougoiMA8xshTJcq04wnAc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在绘画中依照几何透视和空间透视的原理,描绘出物体之间的远近、层次、穿插等关系,使之在平面的绘画上传达出有深度的立体的空间感觉。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KoSUdUuwMoqSaWxCAcocEcmVnSg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"前面的物体不要画到后面去了也不要把后面的物体画到前面了,合理的安排他们的位置。让整个画面有一个前大后小,前实后虚。上实下虛的空间效果。总之就是画面的层次感明确。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ig2CducEAoy8SKx2Qikc8lpFn6f"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":622,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"空间感","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b97554d1f98a417d9bb9808dfeb0cd2b","width":760},"text":"","id":"Ui4kdgkkwok2euxs7n9cSb2VnOd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"入门","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Z8oOdyS8oow0C6x0UqDc7bgOnPg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"画素描之前要充分做好各种线条的练习,还要做线条的由浅入深、由深到浅的成组练习。经过构图、轮廓、大形深入刻画到整体调整等不同的作画环节,这个作画的过程体现从整体到局部到整体的观察过程。如果没有这种正确的作画程序,就不能保证画面的准确、深入与完整。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AA2cd8M0EoseMyxYTaTcwmOAnJd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"素描步骤","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GuSQdwo26ooYGcxojXKcWKrVnJe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"画前要观察研究物体的基本形状,看它的受光方向,结构造型,形成的立体效果,然后用直线勾出","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"它","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"的大体轮廓,再依照光源,确定物体的受光(淡面)、侧光(灰面)、遮光(深面)三大部分。最后在这些面与面之间加上衔接的层次,使它自然、圆润起来,直到表现出质感为止。 素描画好后要对描绘的物体进行统筹和完善加工。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MaiqdQuiYoeUskxYHufcdbZTnYd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1mE41167Vm/?p=1\u0026vd_source=6b26da26630111503906a454dabeb61d"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1mE41167Vm/?p=1\u0026vd_source=6b26da26630111503906a454dabeb61d","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"这个视频讲的是受光的技巧,比较浅显易懂","id":""},{"type":"text","text":",有助于进一步理解","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"E0AYdaEMyoWMYkxKg47c0EGfnKf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"构图","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KqkCdc2Eeom44ux8ffacUnfLnjf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"构图是每一个学习绘画的人所必须要掌握的一项基本能力,从美得感受出发,让观赏者感受到美、舒服。各部份的一种配置法,依照经过设计的格式,一致的比例,或重复的体系去安排。一般情况下在绘画中构图讲究天小地大、左右均衡;各物体大小适中,整体完整,不可过小,亦不可过大。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Z4gWdaAAsooCycxwhyXcKwO0nxh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"五种方法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UWuodeo6Co2eGUxigRGczcwYnSb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、三角形构图,素描静物中最常用到的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RGcYdUiG2oyk0wx0wHKcKUtzn79"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":410,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"构图","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/da8755248073498d802aabfbd9118368","width":596},"text":"","id":"NMoOdQSWwooQoAxcZ1UcnHninnh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三角形构图是最常见的和最稳定的构图形式,静物分成三组放在三个顶点上。此类构图画面稳定、主体突出、层次明确、错落有致,适合静物数量较少的组合。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OGcId2OAwoYu8qxsp9ecygdmnUb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三角形的三条边是由不同方向的直线合拢而成,而不同的线条组成不同形式的三角形,产生不同的趋势和变化。如果你坐在静物正面中间位置,可能会更多采用三角形构图。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NQCAdyw6Uo0WAuxi08dcR5Lwnud"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、C形构图","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KCgqdQUEKowoG6xkZDjcP5nLnrh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Z0eYdgiQKoYcC0xafb3cJm96ney"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":646,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"构图","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0765a7ae85074d22b530801ccd23b551","width":498},"text":"","id":"U00CdcikSoMKy2xGqgFcCVEmnGg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"I24qdCkQyogIOoxhQdLcsTuynop"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"“C”形构图,画面动感程度优于其他形式的构图。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PKMCdcKwAo2Uy0xoPiuc2wN9nvc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这种构图方式使画面具有流动性,更容易表现较大空问的静物组合。“C”形有三个点,主体物往往在中间点的位置.前面的点往往是第一次要物体的摆放位置,最后面的点帮助你加强画而空间层次的推移。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Y6CadiM2aoQ0KuxgtEbcwLsqnAh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、S形构图","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GeImd4uKAoIckux6FyuclZQnnvc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":638,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"构图","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c229460650924a0297ff014fa37a1698","width":499},"text":"","id":"NqO8dsOmAowmgoxegsbcfxP1nxc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"\"S”具有曲线的优点,优美而富有活力和韵味,所以“S“形构图给人一种美的享受,而且画面显得生动、活泼。读者的视线随着\"S”形向纵深移动,可有力地表现其场景的空间感和深度感。在 \"S”形构图中,通常会缩短 \"S”的上部,拉长 \"S”的下部,以形成“上紧下松”的构图关系。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RUkadCasGoOs8axIhteci8eAnce"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、圆形构图","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RmuudOkMAoIO6Yxq1RDcDC6An7R"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":420,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"构图","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e787b0068cbf4d84865766f0c6ffe8ac","width":600},"text":"","id":"P0iIdMCWkoe66GxyCItcmCc1nNb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"圆形构图就是让静物在画面中围成一个圆圈。圆形构图在视觉上给人以旋转、运动和收缩的审美效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"T4QQdy2u4oSCioxEXlycSSBunMc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"当圆形被拉长时,就会变成椭圆形。椭圆形构图大都采用宽大于高的横幅形式,它不仅有静态效果,也会产生动态效果,同时还具有较为明显的整体感。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UyWedCQ4moOmGOxQnZ9cGXA4nPz"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、水平式构图","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZOsId8k2mosOwwxekVacO4wvnS2"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":435,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"构图","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c3e9cde1aecb4069a9475f1d123e6be4","width":595},"text":"","id":"Cc6cdkq4QoEs0CxQh98cIsI1noe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"水平式构图的物体不能放在画面正中,应当处于一个偏上或者偏下的位置。水平式构图纵向上的空间层次较少,为了让画面丰富,各个物体要在形状、大小、高矮颜色等因素上形成对比,使画面安定、平和,可以增强画面的稳定感。同时还要安排好位置,形成前后的空间层次。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"M664dyokgogOQAxcbMbcuf1on7f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"文字讲解不能很直观地展现,可配合","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"视频讲解","id":""},{"type":"text","text":",进一步理解","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"怎么构图","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV14x411R75w/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click\u0026vd_source=6b26da26630111503906a454dabeb61d"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV14x411R75w/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click\u0026vd_source=6b26da26630111503906a454dabeb61d","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":" ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WOSKdA6YgoAWeqx0u9zcj6P6nvb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"轮廓","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QSMOdAue6o0ao4x2ZYPcTgufnAh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"素描轮廓线是指物体外部和内部形状对线条,描述前进或后退的形状之变化方面的一条断续线或连续线。也指物体对形,没有轮廓线就没有\"形” 。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GaMMdWaQOoaWUmxY1m8cjrwlngf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一般来说轮廓包括外轮廓和内轮廓,两者相互依存,就是说外轮廓画错了,内轮廓也必然跟着错,内轮廓错了也会影响外轮廓的准确。在实践中存在的问题是容易把二者分开来观察,分开来画,分开来检查,必须两者结合起来观察并结合起来画才对。要知道轮廓绝非指简单的物体的外框,要内外兼顾方可画准。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EiGwdiwsEocCqixkTHKchaNZnMc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"轮廓就是形状,画画的第一步是画形状。形状图对了,就顺利了。越画越难受。勾勒轮廓的暗部可以简单处理,勾勒轮廓的同时可以详细画明面。由于形状的透视变化,尤其是轮廓,一分钟宽度等于几英寸宽度,因为边缘是立体形状。当一个同样宽度的面转向后方时,面的长度会越来越窄,直至消失。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UyyEd6wumoosE6x2b2Yca6finDb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果外轮廓和内轮廓的基本比例和位置不正确,包含所有细节的形状也会是错误的。所以大纲的确定要严格、严格、细致。 严谨谨慎不是要求你谨小慎微,而是要求你胆大心细。只有大胆细致的书写,勾勒出轮廓,才能知道这幅画的对错。我们要敢于肯定,也要敢于否定和纠正错误。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GuGYdkcE0oEeasxSGDHcdlyinPd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"要想画出正确的轮廓,必须对物体的形象有正确的认识和观察。观察轮廓也是专业训练不可缺少的阶段。一种不仔细观察研究对象,就无法在反复修正的过程中提高识别能力,也无法培养敏锐的视力,理解简单形式的复杂性。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FQqWdIUgyocQqAx2igIc4QRMnab"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"进一步学习可以观看视频讲解,可巩固一些知识点","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1MT4y1R7ZT/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click\u0026vd_source=6b26da26630111503906a454dabeb61d"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1MT4y1R7ZT/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click\u0026vd_source=6b26da26630111503906a454dabeb61d","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"D0oEduSUSo2sGcxUcuncdjYGncb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"排线","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XEqOdgooKo4aMixIxtHctn6fnJd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"排线是素描最基本的语言元素,在素描中丰富的色调变化是经过许多次的线条叠加而形成的,这其中线条的走向与角度尤其需要注意。画好素描排线就要有一个正确的握笔姿势。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QksEdiSaOoa48sxi4kncZNOnn7c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"正确的握笔姿势,可以分为两种:持棒式和握笔式","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BICGdSS0MoayEExgpYocXhRGn6e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"持棒式:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"P2ysd4oyGo0gmwxw1d6cgTcEnHd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":325,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"排线","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6c0fe1ad2db940e7aec72163cfdd2401","width":485},"text":"","id":"AMUgdy2GcoEmAcxSkW5cZ3t9nHf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"用拇指、食指和中指,三指拿笔与手掌下,如上图,中指起到辅助作用。用拇指左右摆动,在画面形成规则的接近平行的一排线。在用持棒式方法的时候,笔和画面大约在35度角左右就差不多,手和手腕不要接触画面,如果难掌握,可以用小指做支撑点,也可以用手腕自然的上下画出线条。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JKUOdU0uSosoC4x3ZvrcmVuXnL9"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"握笔式:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VoMYd0WAEo6u4ixELITcLwZCn9b"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":326,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"排线","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1be5b21913b44a49bae80a68c1f26554","width":481},"text":"","id":"AiCmdeWeOou8m0xu22KcoLr2nDf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这种方法就是平时的写字姿势,如上图,这种的握笔方法可以用在面积小的暗面,或者在单体塑造的时候,这种方法用的很多,不像持棒式是在面积大,握笔式很容易掌握,就像写字一样画线条。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ba4gd8KasowcckxWSCkcrLpJnHd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"若干组排线最好不要沿同一方向展开,因为沿同一方向或缺乏方向变化的十字形(夹直角)都将导致画面出现板滞和类似平涂的光赋效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RscId2q0moEwyCxA9mccFrionNd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":335,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"排线","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7e530a6c2b744738b6585cefe64a1e24","width":364},"text":"","id":"HMsydweK8oiqimx6SBScDmhgnJg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"用一组组的线排开,颜色深浅不同,表现出明暗关系。当我们画苹果时,在背光处铺出一组调子,就是画的暗面。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"McUyd0EGYo2aSgx0IB3ccrTrnlb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":358,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"排线","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6ee00dcf85144506ab19680670f87cf4","width":358},"text":"","id":"OweIdgI0qoQA8Cx6GXgc6U0VnNx"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"线只是用来表现明暗变化,以此来塑造物体体积,表现空间的一种手段。无论怎么排线,只要画出效果就可以,不拘泥于各种形式。各种线的画法会产生不同的效果,所以在画不同的画时我们可以用不同的排线方法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HU8Id2464oYKAExEl2ocSiMtnPh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":335,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"排线","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/63f1f95577394afd9378cc06a928581e","width":364},"text":"","id":"RuiSd28g8o28QgxfHOUcDiSEnvX"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"苹果的画法视频已经讲了很多,感兴趣可以看看","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1ct411Q7RE/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click\u0026vd_source=6b26da26630111503906a454dabeb61d"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1ct411Q7RE/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click\u0026vd_source=6b26da26630111503906a454dabeb61d","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GOEYdYwweoo4gexy40fcvhUanre"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":722,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"排线","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/27d6041e9b674601a2885febb822787c","width":607},"text":"","id":"Bq2gdsqS8oE8iYxMJqZcBks4nCd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"控制明暗的逐渐变化以创造实体形式的错觉效果,使物体有三度空间的特质。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"在深面与灰面上先铺上一片均匀的线条,使受光面暂时空出,这样就是用大块大面来表现物体,然后将各个块面中细部,也同样依照受光、侧光、遮光分成小块、小面来处理。还要注意小块、小面的明暗,使它们服从大面的统一调子,而大面又必须服从于整体。","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Zh41147Dk/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click\u0026vd_source=6b26da26630111503906a454dabeb61d"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Zh41147Dk/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click\u0026vd_source=6b26da26630111503906a454dabeb61d","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"这个视频讲的是五种线条的画法,实践与理论相结合。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZeI8dC4OwoM6AGx0QITcXwPMnje"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"深度学习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NAIgdM0A4oUeIyx6u7WcDWUqnBh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"速写","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NQ8SdGeaqoOasIxUP3XcaC7BnFh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"速写一般不拘泥于局部的形似,而常以形写神,表达方式简练,对专业创作、设计草图和快速表现都有积极的意义。速写的高度提炼与时间较长、较深入地练习是相辅相成互相促进的,速写画得多,在复杂的素描写生开始阶段也会更快地把握构图和造型。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CCEEdiOyooaCa8xYjEFcK4pMnnh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"以素描作画相对的时间为依据,短至数分钟长则半小时左右都可算是速写,因速写的基本特征是简练而快速地写生,因此是画者的第一印象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HQ6sdKeKCoQ0WwxAFXpc0W3DnVc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"对结构理解的深入扎实的素描基本功,在速写中也会体现出来。经常大量的速写训练,可以最有效地培养敏锐的观察力和艺术的概括能力,以及提高快速高效的表现技能。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XmGqdUMQsogqK0xyqIbc0r3Qnjd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"速写是一种非常便捷的素描方式,其常见题材有风景速写、人物速写、动物速写等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Fs6gdeCemoA0ggxktB2coZkOnHf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"构图","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Uqgyd8o2Ioki84xkXqdcDkOsnvd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"构图的重要性,大家都知道,单个动作的构图比较简单,原则上宁上勿下。动作朝左,构图偏右即可。双人组合要注意两个动作的主次对比和相互谐调,首先比例要一致,站立的动作和坐着的动作一样高是不行的。场景组合难度较大,透视是最需要注意的,前大后小的原理一定牢记。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NmScdQmyQomwoMxSWuxc3XddnTb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"人物","id":""}],"text":"","id":"F40Ad8AQmoyqqexy8SccGWasnig"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"人体躯干在衣服的包裹下,无论是厚衣服还是薄衣服,都是紧贴人体的躯干形体。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IcOqduksAoGsktxnd8acZeYEnpT"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"从衣领开始描绘,形体外轮廓与运动所产生的褶皱相结合刻画。注意海条线条的粗细、深浅、长短变化。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LYAidwMakoYue2xs5hucy5ahnab"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"紧接上一步,调整画面的素描关系,可以上一些调子来拉开画面的关系,注意调子的轻重。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"V88Yd2OKwoSkUQxoXtUclgUVn2c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"注意构图,比例,动态块的侧锋勾画出对象的大体形块。起形要概括,快速,不要在意那么多细节。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HEcKdgI4oo2ckYx2k05c8AhKnuW"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"可以先把头部深入出来,然后再推出全身。但是要注意五官要画得精致准确,做到一气呵成,不然容易影响后面。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DgIydME68o6s8KxEsG5cs6JLnab"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"较常用的步骤:五官虚带,定出位置和大小,快速把整个人物画出,抓住大的框架形状和此较明显的穿插关系。先深入五官,手脚与其他最后深入。优点:即使画面随时停下也可以保持画面完整。不会有没有画完的感觉。难点:要整体观察把握,对于穿插比较理解。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OU46dMaaIo8AcYx849Rclh8Enec"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"坐姿一般选在正侧和四分之三角度比较容易表现,要注意人物的整体动态走势与整个人的比例关系,不要把上短和把腿画的过长。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FOwadiEuaoioQgxFq9rck23Knfy"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"快速勾出整个人的框架形(如头、胸腔、胯部、四肢,手脚)要肯定整体,可以略带穿插关系,不需要画多。时刻整体地去观察,不能陷入局部。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WCiCd8gKso4c2QxyIDbc3ghXnag"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"完善细节:画出头手脚具体形象,并增加灰层次,同时调整衣纹关系,加入裁剪线等装饰。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TeOudA8AUoYmQ0xcv6UcfK25nYg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"深入画面:用侧锋带出灰面,增加胸腔,盆腔,四肢的体积感。调整画面主次关系,注意前后胳膊,腿的强弱关系。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Hie4dGEgyoOsw6xoXK4cYXU4nMc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"默写","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BMAcd00W4oyWgEx4olVc2aE7nib"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"默写是脱离了写生对象,完全凭着自己的记忆和理解来把握画面的,在素描的学习中适当地配合默写训练,有助于增强视觉形象的记忆能力,同时又可以训练对画面图形的创造性思维和表现能力,有利于加深写生中对素描知识的理解。其实默写和速写也有着密切的关系,在速写中不可能看一眼画一笔,很多是靠对写生对象的理解和记忆来完成的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"I2YsdsEwKo4ECGxkfmocl5wgn2e"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":" 掌握头部解剖","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ayqkde26AoKkgqx4KSfc10hanEd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在没有模特或具体的作画对象时,画者只能通过记忆或平时头像写生的经验来完成对头像的默写。内外部形体结构的把握能力,以及对素描技法的合理运用和表现能力。在平时的训练中要着重理解头部骨骼的构造、熟悉头骨各部位的名称及正确位置,做到没有参照对象也熊熟练正确地画出头部各部位的位實及解剖关系。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LoIsdwq0uoGEmSxqmmlcqe0NnNf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"头像写生训练","id":""}],"text":"","id":"R6Wydmk4woqeGuxAzsFcn0UcnXd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"平时要积累大量的人物头像写生的作画经验,在人物头像写生训练中,要有针对性地选择写生对象。如选择考试中经常出现的男青年或女青年模特进行写生训练,也适当选择一些老年模特写生,有备无患。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DIu0dQoUuoa8wIxoFKKcz910n0g"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"临摹加强记忆","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Zac8d0Aw0o2M0gxmWzkc6sxnnXc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"临摹是学习头像写生的最好办法,也是提高素描头像造型能力的有效途径之一。通过临摹,学习他人的经验和技法,真切地体会画者的感受和意图,领会作品的精神所在。这样既节省时间又事半功倍。临摹还能提高眼睛的准确观察力及眼与手的配合能力。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Humadoem6oq0uWxg3eIc8CKvnNd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"静物作画技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"J2eydGeyooWoimx8tCec2a22n8d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"素描所表达的是形体与空间不外乎黑、白、灰三字,一幅素描起码应该具备三个方面的成功:一是形体结构准确,二是黑、白、灰大层次分明,三是中心焦点突出。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"R84od4yemoOsAuxqUcacjcDjnwc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":643,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"静物作画技巧","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9bda6f048e0c46c98c13d46ad0d2a6c3","width":491},"text":"","id":"E4KqdMWocouuKExv1TxcUq6Dnin"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"中心焦点是有视觉习惯形成的,所谓焦点,在客观上应该是在结构中最有特征、又最能展示形体与空间部位的。常位于画幅前景接近中心的部位,是中心也是重心。画素描就应有点偏心,如果平均用力不仅破坏了整体感,也违背了视觉的真实。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ym6CdmUmGosmo0xQjQecM348nFh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"轮廓线(包括一些局部轮廓线)只是物体的某些面在转移时被缩小了形象,用轮廓线来认识世界不应是初习素描者的课题,而先要学习用立体的观念来研究世界。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Z0aSdweoEoCWkKxgdWMcAjOFnDh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这条线的表现力是不容忽视的,因为物体表面有丰富的起伏向纵深转折时又与空间组成各种关系,它时浓时淡,宽窄虚实,变化无穷,不单单只是一条“线”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WI4sd8YQkoe6qMxGyKCcVfKTnFe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OWGkdc8oComOO0xk7X6c1sg7nBe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第一是结构,第二才是光,黑白则是它的附属物。大家要学会借助黑白来认识形体结构,但有时黑白也会歪曲形体结构的原来面貌。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XAswdEe6coMGmaxOYROcNHGEnGe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":719,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"静物作画技巧","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/89f7cf4f15e640ed8b41d8b11f1b4581","width":552},"text":"","id":"DYC0diG0qowW4WxQWUDcZqQencx"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"画素描就是找区别,大区别就是“大关系”,凡是大关系都具有整体性的分量,它容纳并制约着所有局部,因而它是最重要的。小区别就是“小关系”,就是指处于同一色调中的轻微差异。相对于整体来说,它们只能被称之为“局部”。它们以一定的比例或层次关系组织起来并充实着整体。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"J8MEdyYa6oWQgMxyAIDctUlYnkb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"没有局部,“整体”便是空的,而如果没有整体的制约,“局部”就成为散乱无序,所以它们是相辅相成辨证统一的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RkgmdmcuWoWSSQxmkVKcUuRUn4b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"结构的透视变形色调的黑白相称,对边线的虚实处理,三者共同担负着表现空间与体积的任务。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NsWidy2uYouUaKxaEWucNEnonEb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"线和线条技法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"L8gedq8o6oog46xKKTQcuuJcn2e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"素描的要素是线,但是线在实质上却是不存在的,它只代表物体、颜色和平面的边界,用来作为物体的幻觉表现。直到近代,线才被人们认为是形式的自发要素,并且独立于被描绘的物体之外。用线条来组成物体的形象,并且描绘于平面之上,藉由线条形式引起观者的联想。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FIWIduuw2oyCsaxYXesclq1LnDh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"例如两条线相交所构成的角形,可以被认为是某平面的边界;另外加上第三条线可以在画面上造成立体感。弧形的线条可以象征拱顶,交会聚集的线条可表现深度。人们可以从线条的变化当中,得到可以领会的形象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NMSgdK88eowKyEx2DHmcLcFQnab"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"用线条区分立体与平面,至于色彩明暗是为了加强和厘清整体与部分的关系。运用线条的开始,消失和中断来画出边界,并且形成平面,也可使色彩至边界而上。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SCWkdUwIEocK8mxiU9AcBuXEnwg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"线条的粗细能表现物体的变化,甚至光和影也可用线条的笔触变化表现出来,还需要平面技法的辅助。平面技法在使用炭粉笔时,在明暗对照上可用擦笔法。素描也可用多色画笔作为基本材料,用来加强素描效果以及素描的艺术性。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WAGSdcYcGoEiSSxAFDscjosIngg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"素描的要素是线,但是线在实质上却是不存在的,它只代表物体、颜色和平面的边界,用来作为物体的幻觉表现。直到近代,线才被人们认为是形式的自发要素,并且独立于被描绘的物体之外。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VOSgdy2UUouKcCxQHOtc2sUynoe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"透过线条手段,单纯的轮廓勾勒可以发展成精致的素描,这个视频讲的比较清楚","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://haokan.baidu.com/v?pd=wisenatural\u0026vid=2187580955371434233"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://haokan.baidu.com/v?pd=wisenatural\u0026vid=2187580955371434233","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AumidSiWcoKW6KxA9IhcASKYnkf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":668,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"线和线条技法","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9d1a50672c414a2f8a884d527b5ef69a","width":890},"text":"","id":"D8gUdOieWoKO4SxgLfkc92akntg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"用线条来组成物体的形象","id":""}],"text":"","id":"P2g4duikEoqcKSxGe4ac4fSsnNc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"两条线相交所构成的角形,可以被认为是某平面的边界;另外加上第三条线可以在画面上造成立体感。弧形的线条可以象征拱顶,交会聚集的线条可表现深度。透过线条的手段,单纯的轮廓勾勒可以发展成精致的素描。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NIgUde8u4oImEQxYT2IcT4Wcnnh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":653,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"线和线条技法","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ca1d69b891a047acaf9cc9d2802b61f7","width":578},"text":"","id":"Gikcdg00GocMG8xuWz3c8EydnUd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"用线条区分立体与平面","id":""}],"text":"","id":"R02WdcAM8oSowaxIJTCcHe0ynQf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在素描中可以用线条区分立体与平面,至于色彩明暗是为了加强和分清整体与部分的关系。运用线条的开始,消失和中断来画出边界,并且形成平面,也可使色彩至边界而上。线条的粗细能表现物体的变化,甚至光和影也可用线条的笔触变化表现出来。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LWgadQKW6o8CcIxgU8bcgm9Cntb"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":451,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"线和线条技法","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/496c8b6414934669b702afd342a6f614","width":440},"text":"","id":"Ycucd0yKWo0okUxVABMcf9xpnt6"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":379,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"线和线条技法","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c038c5c282f24ab3bc1f6175944d3ac2","width":428},"text":"","id":"BK8idi46mo62aWxiywGcHbM1nZg"}],"text":"","id":"Uog8dM6qeoyUMsxyA7fcojNVnXc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"平面技法","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"的辅助","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Uog8dM6qeoyUMsxyA7fcojNVnXc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"素描的线条技法还需要平面技法的辅助。平面技法在使用炭粉笔时,在明暗对照上可用擦笔法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Saaad8qAOocc02xZGYIcijDXnh2"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":545,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"线和线条技法","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e17c58896fe046bbbec0382435ccb92b","width":775},"text":"","id":"T4GadmEGIoSesexKQiccQYISntg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"毛笔画法","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"的使用","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IQYSdW2Iio6Qg8xYRd7cHaQznXf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"更重要的是使用毛笔画法,因为毛笔能发挥笔触的宽度和笔调的强度并且能增加空间感和立体感。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BeAyd8Akmo6ImexS2G4cqCLpnJf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":551,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"线和线条技法","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c7a86f056f594346a3b72363e8c6b8d9","width":856},"text":"","id":"D4OEdM8I0oQUwkx0SBOca974nSc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"艺术性的加强","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Oy8ydUiYIoKAk2xmeVJcvATznYc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"素描也可用多色画笔作为基本材料,用来加强素描效果以及素描的艺术性。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TeWCd0wKoowwEMxGozfcrB2fnOh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":521,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"线和线条技法","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/909bec2f46144855bf575ed589f3f617","width":420},"text":"","id":"WM0idS0eQoO0IIxQaIAcDUhnnkb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"明暗","id":""}],"text":"","id":"K80KdesksoSaYYxYlnacpMmonFf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"明暗交界线是素描中灰面与暗面的交界,虽然名字是明暗交界“线”,但是它是由“面”组成的,由于光线以及静物本身形体的变化,明暗交界线也会有非常丰富的变化","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PqUkdg0AKo2YQcxcB7Hcd0eXnIb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"有一些静物因为形体会有很多明暗交界线,所以我们找到这些明暗交界线之后统一暗部,然后这些明暗交界线的色调也要做一个区分,靠近光源的颜色稍微要亮一些。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YEQudyISIoOKQyxWms0cxLERnBg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"结合视频讲解可以明白明暗的运用手法","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV14m4y1978u/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click\u0026vd_source=6b26da26630111503906a454dabeb61d"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV14m4y1978u/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click\u0026vd_source=6b26da26630111503906a454dabeb61d","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YoeKdKoUcoWeuAxuwSBc5XQdn6d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐书籍","id":""}],"text":"","id":"X2Q4d6OEMo2Kq2xyoSCcJ4OLnlb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"《素描风暴》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EGeQdyAwioIi4exi6Axc2deTnUb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":541,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐书籍","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/02fa9d8faea64ee58f354a866317bed5","width":348},"text":"","id":"Eq6sdWSmgoCCMuxCGjHchzMJn4e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"《素描的诀窍》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CsO2dW6aOo86Ecx6dl4cS29tndc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":743,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐书籍","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9294a7f630a443d4b44e84e58b1f0ce3","width":554},"text":"","id":"Domed6wWuoac8Qx4wlEcRSFmnYc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"《像艺术家一样思考》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YsQ8dQsacoO2iQx4NvmcjShVnLg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":444,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐书籍","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e1435441efaa48e7a896025f3eb02e4d","width":360},"text":"","id":"H2iKdeemAosUegxola5cpqY6noe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"《伯里曼人体结构绘画教学》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"K2Q0dU8AOoC0AyxEXyOcLjBrnec"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":466,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐书籍","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/168e0c9078494e56a4117ed4d296ecb4","width":323},"text":"","id":"Ns4KdgGmsoiyG8xdUwPcw2Gpnec"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Egi4dYek6oqQUMxqoRKcbbOVnXc"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E我笔记本是三星的RV420?
Samsung 旗舰版: 49PB6-6BJ6Y-KHGCQ-7DDY6-TF7CD 在Windows anytime upgrade里输入上面密钥即可
滑板入门教学?
滑板是街头文化的重要部分,也可以说是现如今很多极限运动的鼻祖。滑滑板是一件非常cool的事情,深受广大青少年和各路潮人的喜爱。很多滑板新手入门时不知道如何下手,下面就为滑板萌新们简单介绍一种滑板入门的方法。
了解滑板站法
对于新手来说,要学滑板首先要知道自己是哪种滑板站法:一种是左脚在前,脚尖向右,也叫正向站法;另一种是右脚在前,脚尖向左,也叫反向站法。
normal(一般脚位正滑)
一般脚位正滑分regular还是goofy。regular:左脚为前脚,右脚push的脚位。goofy:右脚为前脚,左脚push的脚位。
Fakie(倒滑)
脚位与正常一样,但前进方向相反,点板脚不变
Switch(反脚正滑)
前进方向与正常相同,但脚位相反,点板脚相反
Nollie(反脚倒滑)
前进方向与正常相同,但点板脚相反
由于这四个不同的脚位,所以一个招都会有四种脚位变化成四个招,新手不必过早接触Switch。
入门招式详解
一般新手入门,可以按照以下顺序来练习必学的滑板招式。
基础必学招式
上板和下板
这是两个比较入门级一点的动作,而且相对新手来说简单一点。
上板:首先找到我们的习惯脚,先将我们的脚放在滑板两个钉子的位置,踮脚,找到我们感觉最稳定的那只脚,然后选择这只脚当前脚。接着把我们的肩膀转过去,后脚踩在四个钉子的位置,这个动作可以重复练习。
下板:按照上板的动作,将前脚从横向恢复为纵向,然后后脚找一个比较合适的时机,蹬下来减速,再把前脚蹬下来就可以了。
滑行
动作要点:滑手将习惯的那只脚(我们动图里称前腿)踏在滑板的中前部。另一只脚(我们称后脚)踩在地上,重心集中在脚。用后脚脚掌蹬地,使滑板向前滑动,然后把后脚收上来踩在滑板尾部,保持站立的平衡,滑行一段,再用后脚蹬地,重复动作。
拐弯(S型滑、压弯)
动作要点:前后脚站在四颗桥钉上,用身体带动脚压滑板,使滑板前后摇摆,注意往前压时不要只用肩膀往前趴,往后时不要躺。
刹车(停止、刹停)
动作要点:用平常撑滑地面的脚根磨擦地面,使速度减慢;也可用后脚将滑板翘起处用力压下,使板子成45度立刻停止。新手具体刹停方法如下。
一脚刹停:在滑行的基础上,把后脚放回地面,让脚掌慢慢接触地面,在速度很慢时,可以直接一脚刹停。
尾刹:ollie的脚位,练习原地的抬板,重心放在两腿之间,记住前脚放松,后脚才能压下,熟练以后,可以尝试滑行去练习,想着往前推即可。
荡板
Ollie之前学学荡板对板性提高有很大帮助,荡板好早以前叫蛇行,荡快了有点小时候玩的游龙板(也叫活力板)感觉。
动作要点:首先我们在原地起步,不用滑行,压板尾的脚位,重心放在两脚之间或者前面一点,自己找准一条直线,以这条直线,反复向左右压板转向各45度。在这里,是以这条直线所需要转的角度,但实际先向左转45度以后,向右转的是90度。运用这种方法能让板在不蹬地的情况下,持续前进。
豚跳(ollie)
豚跳是指用双脚带板起跳,它在滑板里面属于最基础的一个滑板技能,也是进入滑板国际的门槛。切记!作为新手不要过早地去练习其他动作,后面的动作都需要一定的Ollie基础,一定要把Ollie的基础打好,这样练习其他招式的时候也会很容易。
ollie的来历:ollie这一动作由美国滑手allangelfand首创,而他的小名就叫“ollie”。1979年,15岁的allan在福罗理达州的好利坞市的一个滑板公园中操练,在一个碗形游水池中,他发现自己竟然可以不必手抓板而带板腾空。他的伙伴就将这个动作称为“ollie”。
动作技巧:把前脚放在板钉后面一点点,后脚放在板尾一半的位置,然后把你的重心放在两个脚中间,肩膀与滑板平行,眼睛要看着板的下方,前脚需要向斜上方刷板,把滑板带到空中。
此动作可以看以下教程视频,有非常详细的分解:【【Ollie教学】AK大叔慢动作极致分解Ollie细节】 https://b23.tv/zyM9hIE
进阶选学招式
下面这些动作都需要ollie基础,新手小白一定不能轻易尝试,在学会基础动作之后,可以再去慢慢练习。
滑后轮(manual)
滑后轮:是指滑行时利用后轮作平衡,并保持一定的速度后,以后脚轻压板尾抬起前轮(板尾不着地)仅以后两轮滑行。
动作要点:首先我们站到滑板上,找好自己的脚位,然后把重心放到你的后脚,前脚作为辅助,用你的腰部来支撑平衡。注意,做这个动作时,上身不要随便地晃动。
踢翻(kickflip)
这是马路式的根本动作。学习此动作前,必须练会ollie,后脚向下点板前脚和Ollie刷板类似,用脚尖向板头45°方向刷板使滑板完成向后翻板纵向旋转360°。
动作要点:后脚置于板尾(脚掌重心置于板尾中间),前脚置于前桥螺钉附近,与板边际大致成45度,两脚跟最佳置于板边际以外。好像ollie,后脚压板打地,前脚向上带板。在前脚脚尖到达板头时轻轻向前外侧踢出,一起身体跃向空中。耐心等候板转过360度,以后脚接板,然后身体站回板上,屈膝以缓冲。
脚跟翻(heelflip)
与上一动作相似。但前脚站姿不一样:前脚尖应置于前脚螺钉后一点的方位,以感觉舒服为宜,脚趾头坐落板边际以外。ollie后以前脚脚跟向前内侧踢出,注意用力别太大,一起身体脱离滑板,待板垂直转变360度后以后脚接板即可。
手抓板(bonele)
动作要点:手抓板,前脚踩在地上弯腰,如果你是右脚在后就用右手抓板,抬起滑板,后脚配合滑板同时运动,但不要用力压板,前脚顺势跳起落回到板上,在滑板落地之前,双脚同时落回到板上,当你掌握原地手抓板以后,就可以在滑行中加入这个动作。
滑板入门心理
初学者练习时有很多问题都是属于心态上的问题,要入门滑板先要做到以下两点。
①不畏惧困难。首先,要知道滑板有一定的难度,所以选择滑板就是你决定挑战自己,如果你是那种无法接受挑战的个性,也许你应该考虑放弃。
②不要怕丢脸。初学者要专心自己的练习,只要小心自己不要撞到人,或是挡到别人的路线,至于别人对你的看法,不重要。
如何挑选滑板
简单来说,新手选择第一块滑板主要根据自己预算、审美方面的喜好以及以后的使用场景来按需选择即可。在选一块合适的滑板前,我们先来看一下滑板的构成。一般我们会说滑板是由以下板面、滑板支架(桥)、轮子、轴承、砂纸、桥钉+螺母六个大部件构成。新手挑选滑板的渠道可以去本地的滑板店,也可以选择网购。下面是一些选购时的基本建议。
板面
板面就是滑板的板的部分,也是滑板中最重要的部件之一。大部分板面都是七层枫木通过冷压或热压等技术压制而成的,其中板面的最底下一层往往会有用热转印技术印制出来的图案。国内的话板面的价格一般在 200 600 的价位之间,大家可以根据自己的喜好来选购板面,各种图案都是可以的,只要你喜欢就好。对于板面的选购,最重要的一点其实是尺寸。
儿童板面:如果是孩子自学滑板的话,儿童板面是比较好的选择(注意不是超市里的玩具板啊啊啊)。儿童板的尺寸宽度应该在 7.3 8.0 英寸之间,相比一般的滑板要窄一些,长度也应该在 28 英寸起。虽然很多滑板厂商都不会生产比这个尺寸更小的滑板,但其实 90 年代的时候大家滑的都是这么小的板,所以也不要紧。
全能板面:如果你是个青少年或者青壮年,想学习街式滑板或者碗池滑板的话,宽度在 8.0 8.38 英寸之间的滑板会是比较好的选择。如果你长得比较矮小的话,那就用宽度在7.75~ 8.0 英寸左右的板吧,反之亦然。一般说来,鞋码在 41 43 码之间的人选择这个宽度区间的板面都是可以的。
U池 (碗池)专用板面:在滑弧面的时候,往往都想保持一个比较低的重心,这时候我们就需要宽度较宽的板面来保持平衡,因此宽度在 8.5 英寸及以上的板面往往是碗池滑手的最爱。不过有一点需要注意的是,尺寸更大的板面,我们在 ollie 或者做翻板动作的时候就需要用更大的力气,因此如果你想在弧面上玩各种翻板动作的话,就要考虑到这一点。
滑板支架
滑板支架也称为桥,它是连接板面及轴承轮子的重要部件。相对其他部件而言,它的损耗没有那么大,因此选择一对好的支架可以用很久。支架有高矮和软硬之分,俗称高桥和矮桥,硬桥和软桥。对于新手来说,软桥更灵活,转弯性能比硬桥好很多,但同样硬桥的平稳度会更好。
桥的种类:从支架高度(Height)来看,我们可以把桥分为高桥(High)、中桥(Min)、矮桥(Low),三种高矮程度不同的桥也有着不同的特性跟功能。
矮桥(Low):矮桥的高度一般在46mm-49mm,因为高度不高,板面的距离跟地面近,所以重心低,滑起来也是最稳的,做翻板动作时更快,适合街式滑板。矮桥不能用尺寸过大的轮子,防止在做招时咬轮,所以不同高度的桥也要搭配不同大小的轮子哦。
中桥(Min):中桥的高度一般在50mm-53mm,是最万能的尺寸,如果新手不知道自己适合矮桥还是高桥,那么就选中桥吧,用来滑街头和板场都可以。
高桥(High):高桥的高度一般在53.5mm-58mm,因为高度高,板面距离地面远,所以点板时板面倾斜角度大,做出来的ollie更飘一些,爆发力强的滑手更发挥高桥的优点,高桥也很适合玩碗池。
桥的PU:PU垫则是在滑板桥中起到控制和转向的作用,保证支架灵活的的灵魂,硬度的表示和轮子是一样的,数值越大则越硬,PU硬度越高,转向越不灵敏,PU越软则越容易转向,但是也不是越软越好,具体要看你的体重来选择,如果你体重比较大则应该选择硬度越大的PU。
桥的硬度:关于硬桥和软桥,很多新手都傻傻分不清两者的区别,桥越硬,意味着越稳定。一般根据经验,建议新手一开始可以选择硬桥,以后再根据个人情况去选择要不要软桥。另外需要注意的是,在一般情况下,为了提高做招落地后的稳定性和转弯的灵敏度,前桥要比后桥拧松一些些。
轮子
一般说来,滑板的轮子主要是为街式滑板和碗池滑板设计的,在形状、尺寸、硬度和颜色上都有区别(板场用的轮子会综合一些特点)。而对于新手来说,轮子的硬度尺寸最重要,尤其是硬度是最需要考虑的因素。
轮子硬度要够硬:硬轮(比如101A或以上)会更容易打滑,虽然听起来很可怕,但在实际的滑板过程中,打滑往往能够让你避免很多不必要的受伤。轮子的打滑能使我们更自然、平滑地摔出去,而不是直接整个人卡飞了。还有就是,硬轮更容易横刹(powerslide),横刹是很有趣且简单实用的一招,在冲坡或者需要急刹的时候尤为适用。
轮子尺寸很重要:对于轮子的尺寸也就是直径,大家也会在滑板不断进步的过程中找到自己的偏好,但对于新手来说,50mm 55mm 是比较合适的尺寸。如果你的桥是矮桥的话,那就选直径在 50mm 53mm 之间的轮子;如果是高桥的话,就选 50mm 55mm 的轮子。直径大的轮子在滑起来的时候会更顺而且更快,续航更久,对地面要求更低,但 52mm 的轮子也足够在一般的路面、板场上滑行了。
轴承
为了能让轮子在桥的两端飞速的旋转,我们还需要八颗轴承。和桥钉以及螺母一样,因为行业内的标准化,所以你不需要操心大小,轴承拥有非常多的材质:钢、钛金、陶瓷,好的轴承转的更快。但对于一个新人来说,任何超过200块的轴承都是多余的(如果你预算充足那可以无视这句话)。一套 Bones Reds 或者 Bronson G2 足矣。
砂纸
在板面的上方就是让滑手们像魔术一样跳起来的秘诀——一张砂纸。粗糙的表面可以提供给我们足够的摩擦力,配合板面的弧度我们就可以做出来各种眼花缭乱的动作。砂纸拥有非常多的样式,是彰显个性的好选择。当然,你也可以自己动手绘制属于自己的砂纸。在购买砂纸时记得选择颗粒细腻、摩擦力强的,低价粗糙的滑板砂纸对你的手和滑板鞋都是一种摧残。
桥钉和螺母
通过安装不同颜色的桥钉是让初学者学会分辨板头和板尾的方式之一。而将轮子和轴承固定在桥上的就是我们的螺母了。它并没有太多的讲究,但是随着动作的练习会出现变形、磨损,推荐大家一个月进行一次更换。
滑板护具
初阶滑手更需要购买一套专业的滑板护具,这样我们才能更安全、更快速地掌握滑板!市面上常见的滑板护具包括头盔、护膝、护掌、护肘等。下面就滑板护具做一下简单的介绍。
头盔:在滑板中,我们应该佩戴的是这种圆形的头盔,盔内会有一层海绵,在佩戴时除了能让头部感到舒适外,还能为我们的前额和后脑勺提供一定的保护,在摔跤时能有效减降低撞击带给头部带来的伤害。
护膝:对于护膝来说最有意义的发明便是塑料护膝的发明,佩带任何一款护膝都比没有佩带护膝要好。从外表来看,护膝有点像放大版的护肘,但实际上它们之间的区别还是很大的。因为防护面积大,所以护膝要比护肘厚很多,在膝盖部位有一块大弧形硬质胶壳,后面有弹力带和可调节的魔术贴,让护膝能更贴合我们的腿部。
护掌:一般来说,专业的滑板护掌前后部位都会有一块EVA材质的内饰材料,在我们双手撑地的时候会起到减震的作用。在手掌根部至手腕处的外表,还会有一块曲直板,这块板也是直接与地面摩擦的部件。
护肘:护肘在肘关节处会有一块硬质胶壳,内里会缝制上海绵软垫,最大可能来保护我们的手肘,上下部分一般是可调节松紧的魔术贴,一般护肘如下图这样子。
教学视频推荐
滑板教学视频推荐:【1985滑板教学 】 https://b23.tv/gC2U37K
%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"滑板是街头文化的重要部分,也可以说是现如今很多极限运动的鼻祖。滑滑板是一件非常cool的事情,深受广大青少年和各路潮人的喜爱。很多滑板新手入门时不知道如何下手,下面就为滑板萌新们简单介绍一种滑板入门的方法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuQyWycss0omkEjLAfWXaTh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"了解滑板站法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniAU6K2WaM8CMKurYqezsOg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"对于新手来说,要学滑板首先要知道自己是哪种滑板站法:一种是左脚在前,脚尖向右,也叫正向站法;另一种是右脚在前,脚尖向左,也叫反向站法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnok8SUqOqK6SGEFueE1I1qe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"normal(一般脚位正滑)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCcmq8OksuI4USk0kg0g9Xd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一般脚位正滑分regular还是goofy。","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"regular:","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"左脚为前脚,右脚push的脚位。","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"goofy:","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"右脚为前脚,左脚push的脚位。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneM4sMAio8O8i42Gb6Hza6b"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":360,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"normal(一般脚位正滑)","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/235a7c13a0e7416d90ed56134bc83623","width":635},"text":"","id":"doxcnUkaSiKamMw0seqNM4Lojnh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"Fakie(倒滑)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnS4sKCQowmIYGyOg0R1P3fg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"脚位与正常一样,但前进方向相反,点板脚不变","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnm02kwEaIk66AQjA01oisyg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":360,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"Fakie(倒滑)","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b22f55a1ebfc473ebc0fde93f08283a9","width":635},"text":"","id":"doxcnq2w2QwyuWWWUCQaIgzgAUd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"Switch(反脚正滑)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8KgQW2CQSmmaqWsNYDjCcc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"前进方向与正常相同,但脚位相反,点板脚相反","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKioywEwKIGe6sdGCjYA7Eb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":360,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"Switch(反脚正滑)","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5880a5bdbcb240dc89f06e94d942f508","width":635},"text":"","id":"doxcn8gi62mMu2oc2qyUmKqu2pe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"Nollie(反脚倒滑)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncuw6W6k4w0GuOiEWchMJCf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"前进方向与正常相同,但点板脚相反","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCgkyMaW0i8kAy2QDqS9hSb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":360,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"Nollie(反脚倒滑)","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/683c0c3028dc47eda9d27d32474a9e3c","width":639},"text":"","id":"doxcn42AOIOekEMeyI7ZvCunvHd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"由于这四个不同的脚位,所以一个招都会有四种脚位变化成四个招,新手不必过早接触Switch。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIkMMwyeGSKAia8HdxkEuzt"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"入门招式详解","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4O6EsWm26GaOw12SRmuyyb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一般新手入门,可以按照以下顺序来练习必学的滑板招式。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneY0gciuy8OWA77YOk2fkMp"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"基础必学招式","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8csAm4Om2gqK2VSNeaeqYd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"上板和下板","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwY0oMSEYYSKuYghntALRdb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这是两个比较入门级一点的动作,而且相对新手来说简单一点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAE40ciAceK8eCAPvu7oZcc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"上板:","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"首先找到我们的习惯脚,先将我们的脚放在滑板两个钉子的位置,踮脚,找到我们感觉最稳定的那只脚,然后选择这只脚当前脚。接着把我们的肩膀转过去,后脚踩在四个钉子的位置,这个动作可以重复练习。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8aeOs4wkAimQsJD3RIuQ1e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":360,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"上板和下板","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9144d18d21d6403f9a6d2a150e8c0e6b","width":639},"text":"","id":"doxcnaeY8esEYamegjnNPKmE1yO"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"下板:","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"按照上板的动作,将前脚从横向恢复为纵向,然后后脚找一个比较合适的时机,蹬下来减速,再把前脚蹬下来就可以了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsEwoQYwSOmOaqeY6OMTk1d"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":360,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"上板和下板","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/48fb021788494e478441a98804a2b12d","width":639},"text":"","id":"doxcnaegIgCaO8u8U4OETcHw7Fe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"滑行","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCoeSSMwUM8yKm6S7SxS7Cd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"动作要点:滑手将习惯的那只脚(我们动图里称前腿)踏在滑板的中前部。另一只脚(我们称后脚)踩在地上,重心集中在脚。用后脚脚掌蹬地,使滑板向前滑动,然后把后脚收上来踩在滑板尾部,保持站立的平衡,滑行一段,再用后脚蹬地,重复动作。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO0kQcEKWQKkyiqzyczUQrc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":360,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"滑行","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e83e8e547c494343af4592838a37a797","width":639},"text":"","id":"doxcneigsgCyw6qKamidtRZr2ce"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"拐弯(S型滑、压弯)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQ6IMKWeewk42O23oxXQQEd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"动作要点:前后脚站在四颗桥钉上,用身体带动脚压滑板,使滑板前后摇摆,注意往前压时不要只用肩膀往前趴,往后时不要躺。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCaOkuoasGSoMyKDeXYwbkc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":360,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"拐弯(S型滑、压弯)","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0ddf9ce353f0444baf9f5c23cc60deb0","width":639},"text":"","id":"doxcniI864QYsqSC6iIcWLPNmBb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"刹车(停止、刹停)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneoSUoUYiuYyGK8ZhJ3kMwg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"动作要点:用平常撑滑地面的脚根磨擦地面,使速度减慢;也可用后脚将滑板翘起处用力压下,使板子成45度立刻停止。新手具体刹停方法如下。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSEUawsoaKK4aqC2kyj7dDe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一脚刹停:在滑行的基础上,把后脚放回地面,让脚掌慢慢接触地面,在速度很慢时,可以直接一脚刹停。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcng22cmkEQsOkuemfcSHFkuh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":360,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"刹车(停止、刹停)","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9fe7037e3c1645a8b5a46c1879284bdd","width":639},"text":"","id":"doxcnSK6SqqQcUGaOsVqaWXg3cb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"尾刹:ollie的脚位,练习原地的抬板,重心放在两腿之间,记住前脚放松,后脚才能压下,熟练以后,可以尝试滑行去练习,想着往前推即可。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkyA8yu8ayUi2ovHHQqPq6g"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":360,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"刹车(停止、刹停)","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/67302311b8af4c929487dd9d44c267ab","width":639},"text":"","id":"doxcn2gIIUY8AcwY4ecCK7VigLd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"荡板","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2SOOWc4qSoUi4cVttWYWxe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Ollie之前学学荡板对板性提高有很大帮助,荡板好早以前叫蛇行,荡快了有点小时候玩的游龙板(也叫活力板)感觉。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcno4W0iISoSmssSaZImy21Jc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"动作要点:首先我们在原地起步,不用滑行,压板尾的脚位,重心放在两脚之间或者前面一点,自己找准一条直线,以这条直线,反复向左右压板转向各45度。在这里,是以这条直线所需要转的角度,但实际先向左转45度以后,向右转的是90度。运用这种方法能让板在不蹬地的情况下,持续前进。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6Ao8w2Q0aqa6EzekZZiODc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":360,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"荡板","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d4b544450b6b40d89931ba24210d0717","width":639},"text":"","id":"doxcnSoQW2u6ceyuaOWAIgeSy5c"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"豚跳(ollie)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQAaEgCQoWUY6yK4OZTZyVh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"豚跳是指用双脚带板起跳,它在滑板里面属于最基础的一个滑板技能,也是进入滑板国际的门槛。切记!作为新手不要过早地去练习其他动作,后面的动作都需要一定的Ollie基础,一定要把Ollie的基础打好,这样练习其他招式的时候也会很容易。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGMI8wYiuCaSog3guXQPU1f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"ollie的来历:ollie这一动作由美国滑手allangelfand首创,而他的小名就叫“ollie”。1979年,15岁的allan在福罗理达州的好利坞市的一个滑板公园中操练,在一个碗形游水池中,他发现自己竟然可以不必手抓板而带板腾空。他的伙伴就将这个动作称为“ollie”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngGw6CqCYuEeCcdLOANEVgg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":180,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"豚跳(ollie)","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/613711ec6ed440969419252132fa78e3","width":320},"text":"","id":"doxcnsI2ym48EsMycNt2VMnIMIT"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"动作技巧:把前脚放在板钉后面一点点,后脚放在板尾一半的位置,然后把你的重心放在两个脚中间,肩膀与滑板平行,眼睛要看着板的下方,前脚需要向斜上方刷板,把滑板带到空中。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniW2GAicoee0wSY6Rple6hf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":360,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"豚跳(ollie)","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/164498bcc5184f579721e98dd8deade6","width":639},"text":"","id":"doxcnkUWYom6MKaK68bhFWZFEsd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"此动作可以看以下教程视频,有非常详细的分解:【【Ollie教学】AK大叔慢动作极致分解Ollie细节】 ","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://b23.tv/zyM9hIE"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://b23.tv/zyM9hIE","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngawey48qGCMmsyjCKjR318"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"进阶选学招式","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngY8aQou4i2QYINBmkmaBLh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"下面这些动作都需要ollie基础,新手小白一定不能轻易尝试,在学会基础动作之后,可以再去慢慢练习。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneCkyKsCocMoKWETxUsxJie"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"滑后轮(manual)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOGey44mcUeiiUH1k3JXDuh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"滑后轮:是指滑行时利用后轮作平衡,并保持一定的速度后,以后脚轻压板尾抬起前轮(板尾不着地)仅以后两轮滑行。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnE0OMQ8acSommYH4rOYcpee"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"动作要点:首先我们站到滑板上,找好自己的脚位,然后把重心放到你的后脚,前脚作为辅助,用你的腰部来支撑平衡。注意,做这个动作时,上身不要随便地晃动。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnayEiKioY8E0IuEKLr7pcKd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":360,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"滑后轮(manual)","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/40c6f102fa754a56ab610124ed4edfea","width":639},"text":"","id":"doxcnM6MYI8U6m0eQsZR8ygDZUd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"踢翻(kickflip)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmQ6EIYoWKkKuwGLWyAmoG8"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这是马路式的根本动作。学习此动作前,必须练会ollie,后脚向下点板前脚和Ollie刷板类似,用脚尖向板头45°方向刷板使滑板完成向后翻板纵向旋转360°。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6wyQ482K02S0WgRSVi091f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"动作要点:后脚置于板尾(脚掌重心置于板尾中间),前脚置于前桥螺钉附近,与板边际大致成45度,两脚跟最佳置于板边际以外。好像ollie,后脚压板打地,前脚向上带板。在前脚脚尖到达板头时轻轻向前外侧踢出,一起身体跃向空中。耐心等候板转过360度,以后脚接板,然后身体站回板上,屈膝以缓冲。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniyo4WqGacyceMRcJisISPg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":270,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"踢翻(kickflip)","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2255fab98ea7443a962bab4d6783b1ac","width":480},"text":"","id":"doxcnGq4OAcmE44QwaAhsP4qaoe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"脚跟翻(heelflip)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOoaiueg4IM8mmwCjawKMZe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"与上一动作相似。但前脚站姿不一样:前脚尖应置于前脚螺钉后一点的方位,以感觉舒服为宜,脚趾头坐落板边际以外。ollie后以前脚脚跟向前内侧踢出,注意用力别太大,一起身体脱离滑板,待板垂直转变360度后以后脚接板即可。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAi26imY0ue2ygNfukoX41b"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":360,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"脚跟翻(heelflip)","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8c2188ac8a144a86b9ad3d1ea0fbf60a","width":639},"text":"","id":"doxcnC0YScaeQeyMyAfZYOYx4Rb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"手抓板(bonele)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmAGCYiii06U0eUm7OZdash"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"动作要点:手抓板,前脚踩在地上弯腰,如果你是右脚在后就用右手抓板,抬起滑板,后脚配合滑板同时运动,但不要用力压板,前脚顺势跳起落回到板上,在滑板落地之前,双脚同时落回到板上,当你掌握原地手抓板以后,就可以在滑行中加入这个动作。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8ymcma0EY0CQaYNPGUCqIf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":360,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"手抓板(bonele)","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/725f75d91453424e86ad0ce10e223255","width":639},"text":"","id":"doxcngEIek4IcuMooMxO4H4hzQe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"滑板入门心理","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyeIqMGMQyIKKeyRA8jQH3g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"初学者练习时有很多问题都是属于心态上的问题,要入门滑板先要做到以下两点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnigSGuockSIc4gR6z1EI6jh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"①不畏惧困难。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"首先,要知道滑板有一定的难度,所以选择滑板就是你决定挑战自己,如果你是那种无法接受挑战的个性,也许你应该考虑放弃。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQCmmM44KW0I0qMhQhB54bg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"②不要怕丢脸。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"初学者要专心自己的练习,只要小心自己不要撞到人,或是挡到别人的路线,至于别人对你的看法,不重要。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCWAGMmauiMU0XdUXKITXIf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":360,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"滑板入门心理","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c45c5f4f2c4c4bafb3c7477b578f2c2c","width":641},"text":"","id":"doxcnEYWa0aOQCa48aIzK0XnqHd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"如何挑选滑板","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGimmKUyQgqO2eUTua2ntXR"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"简单来说,新手选择第一块滑板主要根据自己预算、审美方面的喜好以及以后的使用场景来按需选择即可。在选一块合适的滑板前,我们先来看一下滑板的构成。一般我们会说滑板是由以下板面、滑板支架(桥)、轮子、轴承、砂纸、桥钉+螺母六个大部件构成。新手挑选滑板的渠道可以去本地的滑板店,也可以选择网购。下面是一些选购时的基本建议。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIsAmIyuKwAAaGotYQfrbQc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":587,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"如何挑选滑板","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6734ccfe20484e978741f161351b178b","width":1024},"text":"","id":"doxcnEEe6G6OOIWw6c7vslcJDbf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"板面","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2qkuCoIoGmCiCUp1FKFBEc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"板面就是滑板的板的部分,也是滑板中最重要的部件之一。大部分板面都是七层枫木通过冷压或热压等技术压制而成的,其中板面的最底下一层往往会有用热转印技术印制出来的图案。国内的话板面的价格一般在 200 600 的价位之间,大家可以根据自己的喜好来选购板面,各种图案都是可以的,只要你喜欢就好。对于板面的选购,最重要的一点其实是尺寸。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOsoE0ACagO4G2nNxFzqCmd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"儿童板面:","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"如果是孩子自学滑板的话,儿童板面是比较好的选择(注意不是超市里的玩具板啊啊啊)。儿童板的尺寸宽度应该在 7.3 8.0 英寸之间,相比一般的滑板要窄一些,长度也应该在 28 英寸起。虽然很多滑板厂商都不会生产比这个尺寸更小的滑板,但其实 90 年代的时候大家滑的都是这么小的板,所以也不要紧。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaAeIAoYSME2OuuzxugkqVe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"全能板面:","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"如果你是个青少年或者青壮年,想学习街式滑板或者碗池滑板的话,宽度在 8.0 8.38 英寸之间的滑板会是比较好的选择。如果你长得比较矮小的话,那就用宽度在7.75~ 8.0 英寸左右的板吧,反之亦然。一般说来,鞋码在 41 43 码之间的人选择这个宽度区间的板面都是可以的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnk0m04ki2sYYIqic5nlCrtg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"U池 (碗池)专用板面:","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"在滑弧面的时候,往往都想保持一个比较低的重心,这时候我们就需要宽度较宽的板面来保持平衡,因此宽度在 8.5 英寸及以上的板面往往是碗池滑手的最爱。不过有一点需要注意的是,尺寸更大的板面,我们在 ollie 或者做翻板动作的时候就需要用更大的力气,因此如果你想在弧面上玩各种翻板动作的话,就要考虑到这一点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnieMQqMSiiGM81VKLKvS8wN"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":960,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"板面","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7e28164f2a614bbbb65081db3a6a87f9","width":1280},"text":"","id":"doxcnWw6yUmQCu6MuW0cJJP8Fnd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"滑板支架","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyIi40AmkUwyYm6e8tmtNtf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"滑板支架也称为桥,它是连接板面及轴承轮子的重要部件。相对其他部件而言,它的损耗没有那么大,因此选择一对好的支架可以用很久。支架有高矮和软硬之分,俗称高桥和矮桥,硬桥和软桥。对于新手来说,软桥更灵活,转弯性能比硬桥好很多,但同样硬桥的平稳度会更好。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKqEgMYEeGeY0iXw0ezIsf0"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"桥的种类:","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"从支架高度(Height)来看,我们可以把桥分为高桥(High)、中桥(Min)、矮桥(Low),三种高矮程度不同的桥也有着不同的特性跟功能。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsyew8GKGI84CCyXCghcQmg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":108,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"滑板支架","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6cb0fc97493047a7a1c11e2544076f8f","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnw6QIcE2GSUmqMbTn6YMbkh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"矮桥(Low):矮桥的高度一般在46mm-49mm,因为高度不高,板面的距离跟地面近,所以重心低,滑起来也是最稳的,做翻板动作时更快,适合街式滑板。矮桥不能用尺寸过大的轮子,防止在做招时咬轮,所以不同高度的桥也要搭配不同大小的轮子哦。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSyQwCQWeWOA8OQnH41scHc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"中桥(Min):中桥的高度一般在50mm-53mm,是最万能的尺寸,如果新手不知道自己适合矮桥还是高桥,那么就选中桥吧,用来滑街头和板场都可以。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkacemioEewKeyIHDXyRvdd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"高桥(High):高桥的高度一般在53.5mm-58mm,因为高度高,板面距离地面远,所以点板时板面倾斜角度大,做出来的ollie更飘一些,爆发力强的滑手更发挥高桥的优点,高桥也很适合玩碗池。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsW2WKSiogYmYMvVGMXCQnf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"桥的PU:","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"PU垫则是在滑板桥中起到控制和转向的作用,保证支架灵活的的灵魂,硬度的表示和轮子是一样的,数值越大则越硬,PU硬度越高,转向越不灵敏,PU越软则越容易转向,但是也不是越软越好,具体要看你的体重来选择,如果你体重比较大则应该选择硬度越大的PU。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnawk0YskCGGYqwH1mmWfInb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"桥的硬度:","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"关于硬桥和软桥,很多新手都傻傻分不清两者的区别,桥越硬,意味着越稳定。一般根据经验,建议新手一开始可以选择硬桥,以后再根据个人情况去选择要不要软桥。另外需要注意的是,在一般情况下,为了提高做招落地后的稳定性和转弯的灵敏度,前桥要比后桥拧松一些些。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnY8A0kgMgwgccAeqc4zC37t"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":642,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"滑板支架","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/cb8b180365df4c09a49904d40a12f121","width":1080},"text":"","id":"doxcneywQQocAmeQ4ENH9vPXDic"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"轮子","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyMi6IEiCwEKQ0wjbB3xvmc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一般说来,滑板的轮子主要是为街式滑板和碗池滑板设计的,在形状、尺寸、硬度和颜色上都有区别(板场用的轮子会综合一些特点)。而对于新手来说,轮子的硬度尺寸最重要,尤其是硬度是最需要考虑的因素。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngeius6UCKkseEjXEUWDYzf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"轮子硬度要够硬:","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"硬轮(比如101A或以上)会更容易打滑,虽然听起来很可怕,但在实际的滑板过程中,打滑往往能够让你避免很多不必要的受伤。轮子的打滑能使我们更自然、平滑地摔出去,而不是直接整个人卡飞了。还有就是,硬轮更容易横刹(powerslide),横刹是很有趣且简单实用的一招,在冲坡或者需要急刹的时候尤为适用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoOg2mUquaaIgjnVzSxJ9Gu"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"轮子尺寸很重要:","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"对于轮子的尺寸也就是直径,大家也会在滑板不断进步的过程中找到自己的偏好,但对于新手来说,50mm 55mm 是比较合适的尺寸。如果你的桥是矮桥的话,那就选直径在 50mm 53mm 之间的轮子;如果是高桥的话,就选 50mm 55mm 的轮子。直径大的轮子在滑起来的时候会更顺而且更快,续航更久,对地面要求更低,但 52mm 的轮子也足够在一般的路面、板场上滑行了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8qeu426G8WuyC4f0hO6z8e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":666,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"轮子","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2fbbd240984547f7b1b68fb2127872ab","width":1080},"text":"","id":"doxcnKei0eMU4A8Oqq8YYu8qHIf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"轴承","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcni0mWuK2w4IsiwJ1IjtUAMb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"为了能让轮子在桥的两端飞速的旋转,我们还需要八颗轴承。和桥钉以及螺母一样,因为行业内的标准化,所以你不需要操心大小,轴承拥有非常多的材质:钢、钛金、陶瓷,好的轴承转的更快。但对于一个新人来说,任何超过200块的轴承都是多余的(如果你预算充足那可以无视这句话)。一套 Bones Reds 或者 Bronson G2 足矣。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuYQuwY4Yc2qkQ14cBrFFdh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":585,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"轴承","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6fc3c6563bab4b51a20e61aeff330e9f","width":900},"text":"","id":"doxcniGCccOiCm0MgIlka30dxY6"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"砂纸","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsgO8oewgeO6oLHJtvhs4EV"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在板面的上方就是让滑手们像魔术一样跳起来的秘诀——一张砂纸。粗糙的表面可以提供给我们足够的摩擦力,配合板面的弧度我们就可以做出来各种眼花缭乱的动作。砂纸拥有非常多的样式,是彰显个性的好选择。当然,你也可以自己动手绘制属于自己的砂纸。在购买砂纸时记得选择颗粒细腻、摩擦力强的,低价粗糙的滑板砂纸对你的手和滑板鞋都是一种摧残。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4MEOgQ2aASK6GuWVWgrepf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1080,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"砂纸","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/008ad5b442ec40439fbddba96a64c869","width":1080},"text":"","id":"doxcniQ0IyaciyUESUN0YRUMHAh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"桥钉和螺母","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaAsGYIm0c0smk6Gyxqojeb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"通过安装不同颜色的桥钉是让初学者学会分辨板头和板尾的方式之一。而将轮子和轴承固定在桥上的就是我们的螺母了。它并没有太多的讲究,但是随着动作的练习会出现变形、磨损,推荐大家一个月进行一次更换。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniKKY0So82EuMmuMhr3inac"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":140,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"桥钉和螺母","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/57708a81961a4edcaa300c4f8415735f","width":420},"text":"","id":"doxcn6wMQcswskgYC2o5owjeWgb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"滑板护具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqQma4oaWQAmciAzxU8PaIb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"初阶滑手更需要购买一套专业的滑板护具,这样我们才能更安全、更快速地掌握滑板!市面上常见的滑板护具包括头盔、护膝、护掌、护肘等。下面就滑板护具做一下简单的介绍。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaiw22W2kGoUq8DtvIezhte"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"头盔:","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"在滑板中,我们应该佩戴的是这种圆形的头盔,盔内会有一层海绵,在佩戴时除了能让头部感到舒适外,还能为我们的前额和后脑勺提供一定的保护,在摔跤时能有效减降低撞击带给头部带来的伤害。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnui2o26OwiCAc4djVgNZFlf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":852,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"滑板护具","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e2adf8b085fb4470bb7602542dd66824","width":1280},"text":"","id":"doxcnAIsUSq4aC6kw02ASy9j0Hf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"护膝:","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"对于护膝来说最有意义的发明便是塑料护膝的发明,佩带任何一款护膝都比没有佩带护膝要好。从外表来看,护膝有点像放大版的护肘,但实际上它们之间的区别还是很大的。因为防护面积大,所以护膝要比护肘厚很多,在膝盖部位有一块大弧形硬质胶壳,后面有弹力带和可调节的魔术贴,让护膝能更贴合我们的腿部。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnikywyuK8i0YAYJNF0LL7ne"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":853,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"滑板护具","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c00c240c7eb34d5f9c5f22dde1989185","width":1280},"text":"","id":"doxcnYysMu8m6aMk4eCtHBza0le"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"护掌:","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"一般来说,专业的滑板护掌前后部位都会有一块EVA材质的内饰材料,在我们双手撑地的时候会起到减震的作用。在手掌根部至手腕处的外表,还会有一块曲直板,这块板也是直接与地面摩擦的部件。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnK0UMU2W2GCyq6vS5th62Xc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":853,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"滑板护具","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6b2364d636aa4ef782151d0140b00e35","width":1280},"text":"","id":"doxcnMKey4S048uCumcGHt1bfWf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"护肘:","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"护肘在肘关节处会有一块硬质胶壳,内里会缝制上海绵软垫,最大可能来保护我们的手肘,上下部分一般是可调节松紧的魔术贴,一般护肘如下图这样子。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnycsQMU0geeWOob7rq7p7Qh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":853,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"滑板护具","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/78f5e28e91e545228ac9d8d5e48f07a5","width":1280},"text":"","id":"doxcnSuU0eAg4gGmoMhOG78jPxb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"教学视频推荐","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmggaKIWeMKgA6Cb7OsKpFh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":689,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"教学视频推荐","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a41198c6bce7417393a43a224bc48bd6","width":1024},"text":"","id":"doxcnq2gqQ6UQGswyAFfyYYvdvg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"滑板教学视频推荐:【1985滑板教学 】 ","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://b23.tv/gC2U37K"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://b23.tv/gC2U37K","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngkKEIyy6qMs4KuIB3CMeWb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkiSEy2mGOICW6jQrrEtFEd"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E